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Extends the example by adding option to sniff traffic on Ethernet interface. User have interactive option to use either WiFi or Ethernet interface to sniff on.
150 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
# Simple Sniffer Example
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(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)
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## Overview
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This example demonstrates basic usage of WiFi and Ethernet sniffer mode by saving packets into SD card with pcap format. There is also an option to send pcap file to host via JTAG interface.
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For more information about pcap, please go to [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pcap).
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This example is based on console component. For more information about console, please refer to [console guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/api-reference/system/console.html).
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## How to use example
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### Hardware Required
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To run this example with WiFi interface, you should have one ESP32 dev board integrated with a SD card slot (e.g. [ESP-WROVER-KIT](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/hw-reference/modules-and-boards.html#esp-wrover-kit-v4-1)) or just connect [ESP32-DevKitC](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/hw-reference/modules-and-boards.html#esp32-devkitc-v4) to a SD card breakout board. To run this example with Ethernet interface option, you should have one ESP32 dev board with physical layer Ethernet support (e.g. [ESP32-Ethernet-Kit](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/hw-reference/esp32/get-started-ethernet-kit.html#)) or connect SPI-Ethernet module (e.g. DM9051) to your dev board.
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If you want to send packets to host, make sure to connect ESP32 to some kind of [JTAG adapter](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/jtag-debugging/index.html#jtag-debugging-selecting-jtag-adapter).
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#### Ethernet Pin Assignment
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See common pin assignments for Ethernet from [ethernet examples folder](../../ethernet/README.md#common-pin-assignments).
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### Configure the project
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Open the project configuration menu (`idf.py menuconfig`). Then go into `Example Configuration` menu.
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- Check `Store command history in flash` if you want to save command history into flash (recommend).
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- Select where to save the pcap file in `Select destination to store pcap file` menu item.
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- `SD Card` means saving packets (pcap format) into the SD card you plug in. The default SD card work mode is set to SDMMC for target ESP32 and ESP32S3, but SPI is the only choice for other targets.
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- `JTAG (App Trace)` means sending packets (pcap format) to host via JTAG interface. This feature depends on [app trace component](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/app_trace.html), Component config -> Application Level Tracing -> Data Destination -> Trace memory should be enabled to choose `JTAG (App Trace)` as destination.
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- Set the mount point in your filesystem in `SD card mount point in the filesystem` menu item. This configuration only takes effect when you choose to save packets into SD card.
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- Set max name length of pcap file in `Max name length of pcap file` menu item.
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- Set the length of sniffer work queue in `Length of sniffer work queue` menu item.
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- Set the stack size of the sniffer task in `Stack size of sniffer task` menu item.
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- Set the priority of the sniffer task in `Length of sniffer work queue` menu item.
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- Select Ethernet Type
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- `No Ethernet` means your board does not have Ethernet.
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- `Internal EMAC` means ESP32 EMAC is used in conjunction with with selected PHY.
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- `DM9051 Module`, `W5500 Module` or `KSZ8851SNL Module` means that SPI-Ethernet module is used with its own EMAC and PHY.
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- For more information related to Ethernet configurations see common configuration of Ethernet from [ethernet examples folder](../../ethernet/README.md#common-configurations).
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### Build and Flash
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```
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idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
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```
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(Replace PORT with name of the serial port.)
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(To exit the serial monitor, type ``Ctrl-]``.)
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See the [Getting Started Guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/get-started/index.html) for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.
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## Example Output
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### `sniffer` Command Usage
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> sniffer [-f <file>][-i <wlan|eth0|eth1|...>] [-F <mgmt|data|ctrl|misc|mpdu|ampdu>]... [-c <channel>][--stop]
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> Capture specific packet and store in pcap format
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> -f, --file=<file> name of the file storing the packets in pcap format
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> -i, --interface=<wlan|eth0|eth1|...> which interface to capture packet
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> -F, --filter=<mgmt|data|ctrl|misc|mpdu|ampdu> filter parameters
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> -c, --channel=<channel> communication channel to use
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> --stop stop running sniffer
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The `sniffer` command support some important options as follow:
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* `-f`: Specify the name of file which will store the packets, default value is `sniffer`, and the resulting file name will be like “snifferX.pcap”, here ‘X’ shows the file’s order.
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* `-i`: Specify the interface to sniffer packets, currently support `wlan` and `eth0`
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* `-c` :Specify the channel to sniffer packet at `wlan` interface
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* `-F`: Specify the filter condition at `wlan` interface, currently only support following filter conditions, you can select any number of them
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* mgmt: Management packets
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* data: Data packets
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* ctrl: Control packets
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* misc: Other packets
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* mpdu: MPDU packets
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* ampdu: AMPDU packets
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* `--stop`: Stop sniffer job
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### Mount SD Card
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```bash
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=======================================================
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| Steps to sniffer WiFi packets |
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| 1. Enter 'help' to check all commands usage |
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| 2. Enter 'mount <device>' to mount filesystem |
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| 3. Enter 'sniffer' to start capture packets |
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| 4. Enter 'unmount <device>' to unmount filesystem |
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=======================================================
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sniffer> mount sd
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I (158912) example: Initializing SD card
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I (158912) example: Using SDMMC peripheral
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I (158912) gpio: GPIO[13]| InputEn: 0| OutputEn: 1| OpenDrain: 0| Pullup: 0| Pulldown: 0| Intr:0
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Name: SA16G
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Type: SDHC/SDXC
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Speed: 20 MHz
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Size: 14832MB
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```
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### Start Sniffer
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```bash
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sniffer> sniffer -f sniffer-example -i wlan -c 2
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I (8946) cmd_sniffer: open file successfully
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W (8966) phy_init: failed to load RF calibration data (0x1102), falling back to full calibration
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I (9176) phy: phy_version: 4100, 6fa5e27, Jan 25 2019, 17:02:06, 0, 2
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I (9186) wifi: ic_enable_sniffer
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I (9196) cmd_sniffer: start WiFi promiscuous ok
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sniffer> sniffer --stop
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I (31456) wifi: ic_disable_sniffer
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I (31456) wifi: flush txq
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I (31456) wifi: stop sw txq
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I (31456) wifi: lmac stop hw txq
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I (31456) cmd_sniffer: stop WiFi promiscuous ok
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```
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### Unmount SD Card
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```bash
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sniffer> unmount sd
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I (248800) example: Card unmounted
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```
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### Steps for sending packets to host via JTAG interface
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1. Select `JTAG (App Trace)` as the destination of pcap files.
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2. Build & Flash with `idf.py -p PORT flash`
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3. Connect JTAG, run OpenOCD (for more information about how-to please refer to [JTAG Debugging](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/jtag-debugging/index.html)).
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4. Telnet to localhost with 4444 port: `telnet localhost 4444`.
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5. In the telnet session, run command like `esp32 apptrace start file://sniffer-esp32.pcap 1 -1 20` (more information about this command, please refer to [apptrace command](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/app_trace.html#openocd-application-level-tracing-commands)).
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6. Run the example, start sniffer with command `sniffer` (you don't need to specify the filename, because it has been set in step5).
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7. Stop sniffer by entering command `sniffer --stop` in the example console.
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8. Stop tracing by entering command `esp32 apptrace stop` in the telnet session.
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### Open PCap File in Wireshark
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## Troubleshooting
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- Make sure you have pluged in your SD card and mount it into filesystem before doing sniffer work or you will get error message like “Create file /sdcard/sniffer0.pcap failed”.
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- To protect the SD card, we recommand you to execute command `unmount sd` before you plug out your SD card.
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- Make sure to run `esp32 apptrace` command before or immediately after a new sniffer task started when you try this example with JTAG. Otherwise the console will issue warning message `waiting for apptrace established` every 1 second. If the apptrace communication doesn't be established within 10 seconds (can be altered by macro `SNIFFER_APPTRACE_RETRY`), this sniffer command will failed with an error message `waiting for apptrace established timeout`.
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(For any technical queries, please open an [issue](https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues) on GitHub. We will get back to you as soon as possible.)
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