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Supported Targets ESP32 ESP32-C2 ESP32-C3 ESP32-C5 ESP32-C6 ESP32-S2 ESP32-S3

OpenThread Border Router Example

Overview

This example demonstrates an OpenThread border router.

The ESP Thread Border Router SDK provides extra components and examples for putting the ESP Thread Border Router solution into production:

How to use example

Hardware Required

Wi-Fi based Thread Border Router

By default, two SoCs are required to run this example:

  • An ESP32 series Wi-Fi SoC (ESP32, ESP32-C, ESP32-S, etc) loaded with this ot_br example.
  • An IEEE 802.15.4 SoC (ESP32-H2) loaded with ot_rcp example.
  • Another IEEE 802.15.4 SoC (ESP32-H2) loaded with ot_cli example.

Connect the two SoCs via UART, below is an example setup with ESP32 DevKitC and ESP32-H2 DevKitC: thread_br

ESP32 pin ESP32-H2 pin
GND G
GPIO4 TX
GPIO5 RX

The example could also run on a single SoC which supports both Wi-Fi and Thread (e.g., ESP32-C6), but since there is only one RF path in ESP32-C6, which means Wi-Fi and Thread can't receive simultaneously, it has a significant impact on performance. Hence the two SoCs solution is recommended.

Ethernet based Thread Border Router

Similar to the previous Wi-Fi based Thread Border Route setup, but a device with Ethernet interface is required, such as ESP32-Ethernet-Kit

Configure the project

idf.py menuconfig

OpenThread Command Line is enabled with UART as the default interface. Additionally, USB JTAG is also supported and can be activated through the menuconfig:

Component config → ESP System Settings → Channel for console output → USB Serial/JTAG Controller

In order to run the example on single SoC which supports both Wi-Fi and Thread, the option CONFIG_ESP_COEX_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE and option CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_RADIO_NATIVE should be enabled. The two options are enabled by default for ESP32-C6 target.

Two ways are provided to setup the Thread Border Router in this example:

  • Auto Start Enable OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START, configure the CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID and CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASSWORD with your access point's ssid and psk. The device will connect to Wi-Fi and form a Thread network automatically after boot up.

  • Manual mode Disable OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START and enable OPENTHREAD_CLI_ESP_EXTENSION. wifi command will be added for connecting the device to the Wi-Fi network.

If the CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CONNECT_ETHERNET option is enabled, the device will connect to Ethernet, form a Thread network and act as a Ethernet based Thread Border Router.

Build, Flash, and Run

Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:

idf.py -p PORT build flash monitor

If the OPENTHREAD_BR_AUTO_START option is enabled, The device will be connected to the configured Wi-Fi and Thread network automatically then act as the border router.

Otherwise, you need to manually configure the networks with CLI commands.

wifi command can be used to configure the Wi-Fi network.

> wifi
--wifi parameter---
connect
-s                   :     wifi ssid
-p                   :     wifi psk
---example---
join a wifi:
ssid: threadcertAP
psk: threadcertAP    :     wifi connect -s threadcertAP -p threadcertAP
state                :     get wifi state, disconnect or connect
---example---
get wifi state       :     wifi state
Done

To join a Wi-Fi network, please use the wifi connect command:

> wifi connect -s threadcertAP -p threadcertAP
ssid: threadcertAP
psk: threadcertAP
I (11331) wifi:wifi driver task: 3ffd06e4, prio:23, stack:6656, core=0
I (11331) system_api: Base MAC address is not set
I (11331) system_api: read default base MAC address from EFUSE
I (11341) wifi:wifi firmware version: 45c46a4
I (11341) wifi:wifi certification version: v7.0


..........

I (13741) esp_netif_handlers: sta ip: 192.168.3.10, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.3.1
W (13771) wifi:<ba-add>idx:0 (ifx:0, 02:0f:c1:32:3b:2b), tid:0, ssn:2, winSize:64
wifi sta is connected successfully
Done

To get the state of the Wi-Fi network:

> wifi state
connected
Done

For forming the Thread network, please refer to the ot_cli_README.

Example Output

I (2729) esp_netif_handlers: example_connect: sta ip: 192.168.1.100, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.1.1
I (2729) example_connect: Got IPv4 event: Interface "example_connect: sta" address: 192.168.1.100
I (3729) example_connect: Got IPv6 event: Interface "example_connect: sta" address: fe80:0000:0000:0000:266f:28ff:fe80:2920, type: ESP_IP6_ADDR_IS_LINK_LOCAL
I (3729) example_connect: Connected to example_connect: sta
I (3739) example_connect: - IPv4 address: 192.168.1.100
I (3739) example_connect: - IPv6 address: fe80:0000:0000:0000:266f:28ff:fe80:2920, type: ESP_IP6_ADDR_IS_LINK_LOCAL

......


I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[INFO]-MLE-----: AttachState ParentReqReeds -> Idle
I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: Allocate router id 50
I(8139) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: RLOC16 fffe -> c800
I(8159) OPENTHREAD:[NOTE]-MLE-----: Role Detached -> Leader

Bidirectional IPv6 connectivity

The border router will automatically publish the prefix and the route table rule to the Wi-Fi network via ICMPv6 router advertisement packages.

Host configuration

The automatically configure your host's route table rules you need to set these sysctl options:

Please replace wlan0 with the real name of your Wi-Fi network interface.

sudo sysctl -w net/ipv6/conf/wlan0/accept_ra=2
sudo sysctl -w net/ipv6/conf/wlan0/accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen=128

For mobile devices, the route table rules will be automatically configured after iOS 14 and Android 8.1.

Testing IPv6 connectivity

Now in the Thread end device, check the IP addresses:

> ipaddr
fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:c402
fdde:ad00:beef:0:ad4a:9a9a:3cd6:e423
fe80:0:0:0:f011:2951:569e:9c4a

You'll notice an IPv6 global prefix with only on address assigned under it. This is the routable address of this Thread node. You can ping this address on your host:

$ ping fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
PING fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5(fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=459 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=109 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=119 ms
64 bytes from fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=117 ms

Service discovery

The newly introduced service registration protocol(SRP) allows devices in the Thread network to register a service. The border router will forward the service to the Wi-Fi network via mDNS.

Publish the service using SRP

Now we'll publish the service my-service._test._udp with hostname test0 and port 12345

> srp client host name test0
Done
> srp client host address fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5
Done
> srp client service add my-service _test._udp 12345
Done
> srp client autostart enable
Done

This service will also become visible on the Wi-Fi network:

$ avahi-browse -r _test._udp -t

+ enp1s0 IPv6 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
= enp1s0 IPv6 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
   hostname = [test0.local]
   address = [fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5]
   port = [12345]
   txt = []
+ enp1s0 IPv4 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
= enp1s0 IPv4 my-service                                    _test._udp           local
   hostname = [test0.local]
   address = [fde6:75ff:def4:3bc3:9e9e:3ef:4245:28b5]
   port = [12345]
   txt = []

Discovery delegate

First, the service testhost._test._udp need to be published using avahi-publish-service on the Wi-Fi network(for example Host).

$ avahi-publish-service testhost _test._udp 12345 test=1 dn="aabbbb"

Then get the border router's OMR prefix global unicast address(or ML-EID), and configure it on the Thread end device.

On the border router:

> ipaddr
fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:fc10
fd9b:347f:93f7:1:1003:8f00:bcc1:3038
fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:fc00
fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:b800
fdde:ad00:beef:0:f891:287:866:776
fe80:0:0:0:77:bca6:6079:785b
Done

On the Thread end device:

> dns config fd9b:347f:93f7:1:1003:8f00:bcc1:3038
(or
> dns config fdde:ad00:beef:0:f891:287:866:776)
Done

Now the service published on the Host can be discovered on the Thread end device.

> dns resolve FA001208.default.service.arpa.
DNS response for FA001208.default.service.arpa. - fdde:ad00:beef:cafe:b939:26be:7516:b87e TTL:120
Done

> dns browse _test._udp.default.service.arpa.
DNS browse response for _test._udp.default.service.arpa.
testhost
    Port:5683, Priority:0, Weight:0, TTL:120
    Host:FA001208.default.service.arpa.
    HostAddress:fdde:ad00:beef:cafe:b939:26be:7516:b87e TTL:120
    TXT:[test=31, dn=616162626262] TTL:120
Done

> dns service testhost _test._udp.default.service.arpa.
DNS service resolution response for testhost for service _test._udp.default.service.arpa.
Port:5683, Priority:0, Weight:0, TTL:120
Host:FA001208.default.service.arpa.
HostAddress:fdde:ad00:beef:cafe:b939:26be:7516:b87e TTL:120
TXT:[test=31, dn=616162626262] TTL:120
Done