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Latest versions of apt-get don't install as much packages by default as older ones. This fix adds some missing packages discovered for an OS derived from the latest stable Debian. These packages exist for older Debian derivatives as well (tested with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/4480
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*****************************************************
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从零开始设置 Linux 环境下的工具链 (传统 GNU Make)
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*****************************************************
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:link_to_translation:`en:[English]`
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.. include:: ../gnu-make-legacy.rst
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.. note::
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安装工具链的标准流程可以通过阅读文档 :doc:`Linux 平台工具链的标准设置 <linux-setup>` 来获得，:ref:`工具链的自定义设置 <get-started-customized-setup-legacy>` 章节会介绍哪些情况下我们必须要重新定义工具链。
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安装必要的工具
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==============
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要想使用 ESP-IDF 进行编译，您需要获取以下软件包：
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- Ubuntu 和 Debian::
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sudo apt-get install gcc git wget make libncurses-dev flex bison gperf python python-pip python-setuptools python-serial python-cryptography python-future python-pyparsing python-pyelftools libffi-dev libssl-dev
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- Arch::
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sudo pacman -S --needed gcc git make ncurses flex bison gperf python2-pyserial python2-cryptography python2-future python2-pyparsing python2-pyelftools
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.. note::
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一些旧的（2014年之前）Linux 发行版中使用的 ``pyserial`` 版本可能是 2.x ， ESP-IDF并不支持。
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在这种情况下，请参考 :ref:`安装依赖的 Python 软件包 <get-started-get-packages-legacy>` 章节，通过 ``pip`` 工具来安装支持的版本。
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从源代码编译工具链
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==================
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- 安装依赖:
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- CentOS 7::
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sudo yum install gawk gperf grep gettext ncurses-devel python python-devel automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool
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- Ubuntu pre-16.04::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool
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- Ubuntu 16.04::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin
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- Debian 9::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin
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- Arch::
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TODO
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新建工作目录，然后进入::
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mkdir -p ~/esp
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cd ~/esp
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下载 ``crosstool-NG`` 然后编译:
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.. include:: /_build/inc/scratch-build-code.inc
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编译工具链::
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./ct-ng xtensa-esp32-elf
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./ct-ng build
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chmod -R u+w builds/xtensa-esp32-elf
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编译得到的工具链会被保存到 ``~/esp/crosstool-NG/builds/xtensa-esp32-elf``。根据 :ref:`Linux 下设置环境变量的标准方法 <setup-linux-toolchain-add-it-to-path-legacy>` 中的介绍，将工具链添加到 ``PATH`` 中。
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下一步
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======
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继续设置开发环境，请前往 :ref:`获取 ESP-IDF <get-started-get-esp-idf-legacy>` 章节。
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