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46cb254f21
Latest versions of apt-get don't install as much packages by default as older ones. This fix adds some missing packages discovered for an OS derived from the latest stable Debian. These packages exist for older Debian derivatives as well (tested with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/4480
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从零开始设置 Linux 环境下的工具链
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:link_to_translation:`en:[English]`
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除了从乐鑫官网直接下载已编译好的二进制工具链外，你还可以按照本文介绍，从头开始设置你自己的工具链。如需快速使用已编译好的二进制工具链，可回到 :doc:`linux-setup` 章节。
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安装准备
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=====================
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编译 ESP-IDF 需要以下软件包：
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- CentOS 7::
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sudo yum install git wget ncurses-devel flex bison gperf python pyserial python-pyelftools cmake ninja-build ccache
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- Ubuntu 和 Debian::
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sudo apt-get install git wget libncurses-dev flex bison gperf python python-pip python-setuptools python-serial python-click python-cryptography python-future python-pyparsing python-pyelftools cmake ninja-build ccache libffi-dev libssl-dev
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- Arch::
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sudo pacman -S --needed gcc git make ncurses flex bison gperf python2-pyserial python2-click python2-cryptography python2-future python2-pyparsing python2-pyelftools cmake ninja ccache
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.. note::
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使用 ESP-IDF 需要 CMake 3.5 或以上版本。较早版本的 Linux 可能需要升级才能向后移植仓库，或安装 "cmake3" 软件包，而不是安装 "cmake"。
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从源代码编译工具链
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=================================
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- 安装依赖：
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- CentOS 7::
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sudo yum install gawk gperf grep gettext ncurses-devel python python-devel automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool make
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- Ubuntu pre-16.04::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool make
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- Ubuntu 16.04 及以上::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin make
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- Debian 9::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin make
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- Arch::
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TODO
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创建工作目录，并进入该目录::
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mkdir -p ~/esp
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cd ~/esp
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下载并编译 ``crosstool-NG`` ：
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.. include:: /_build/inc/scratch-build-code.inc
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编译工具链::
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./ct-ng xtensa-esp32-elf
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./ct-ng build
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chmod -R u+w builds/xtensa-esp32-elf
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编译得到的工具链会被保存到 ``~/esp/crosstool-NG/builds/xtensa-esp32-elf``。请按照 :ref:`标准设置指南 <setup-linux-toolchain-add-it-to-path>` 的介绍，将工具链添加到 ``PATH``。
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后续步骤
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==========
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继续设置开发环境，请前往 :ref:`get-started-get-esp-idf` 章节。
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