mirror of
https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git
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381 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
381 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
{IDF_TARGET_CORE_NUM:default="2", esp32s2="1", esp32c3="1", esp32c2="1"}
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{IDF_TARGET_FEATURES:default="[NEEDS TO BE UPDATED]", esp32="WiFi/BT/BLE, silicon revision 1, 2MB external flash", esp32s2="WiFi, silicon revision 0, 2MB external flash", esp32s3="This is esp32s3 chip with 2 CPU core(s), WiFi/BLE, silicon revision 0, 2MB external flash", esp32c2="WiFi/BLE, silicon revision 0, 2MB external flash", esp32c3="WiFi/BLE, silicon revision 0, 2MB external flash"}
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{IDF_TARGET_HEAP_SIZE:default="[NEEDS TO BE UPDATED]", esp32="298968", esp32s2="253900", esp32s3="390684", esp32c2="203888", esp32c3="337332"}
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编译工程
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=========================
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请使用以下命令，编译烧录工程：
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.. code-block:: batch
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idf.py build
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运行以上命令可以编译应用程序和所有 ESP-IDF 组件，接着生成引导加载程序、分区表和应用程序二进制文件。
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.. code-block:: none
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$ idf.py build
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Running cmake in directory /path/to/hello_world/build
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Executing "cmake -G Ninja --warn-uninitialized /path/to/hello_world"...
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Warn about uninitialized values.
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-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.17.0")
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-- Building empty aws_iot component due to configuration
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-- Component names: ...
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-- Component paths: ...
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... (more lines of build system output)
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[527/527] Generating hello_world.bin
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esptool.py v2.3.1
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Project build complete. To flash, run this command:
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../../../components/esptool_py/esptool/esptool.py -p (PORT) -b 921600 write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_size detect --flash_freq 40m 0x10000 build/hello_world.bin build 0x1000 build/bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x8000 build/partition_table/partition-table.bin
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or run 'idf.py -p PORT flash'
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如果一切正常，编译完成后将生成 .bin 文件。
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烧录到设备
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=============================
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请使用以下命令，将刚刚生成的二进制文件 (bootloader.bin、partition-table.bin 和 hello_world.bin) 烧录至您的 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 开发板：
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.. code-block:: bash
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idf.py -p PORT [-b BAUD] flash
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请将 PORT 替换为 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 开发板的串口名称。
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您还可以将 BAUD 替换为您希望的烧录波特率。默认波特率为 ``460800``。
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更多有关 idf.py 参数的详情，请见 :ref:`idf.py`。
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.. note::
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勾选 ``flash`` 选项将自动编译并烧录工程，因此无需再运行 ``idf.py build``。
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烧录过程中可能遇到的问题
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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{IDF_TARGET_STRAP_GPIO:default="[NEEDS TO BE UPDATED]", esp32="GPIO0", esp32s2="GPIO0", esp32s3="GPIO0", esp32c2="GPIO9", esp32c3="GPIO9"}
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如果在运行给定命令时出现如“连接失败”这样的错误，造成该错误的原因之一可能是运行 ``esptool.py`` 时出现错误。``esptool.py`` 是构建系统调用的程序，用于重置芯片、与 ROM 引导加载器交互以及烧录固件的工具。可以按照以下步骤进行手动复位，轻松解决该问题。如果问题仍未解决，请参考 `Troubleshooting <https://github.com/espressif/esptool#bootloader-wont-respond>`_. 获取更多信息。
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``esptool.py`` 通过使 USB 转串口转接器芯片（如 FTDI 或 CP210x）的 DTR 和 RTS 控制线生效来自动复位 {IDF_TARGET_NAME}（请参考 :doc:`establish-serial-connection` 获取更多详细信息)。DTR 和 RTS 控制线又连接到 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 的 ``{IDF_TARGET_STRAP_GPIO}`` 和 ``CHIP_PU`` (EN) 管脚上，因此 DTR 和 RTS 的电压电平变化会使 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 进入固件下载模式。相关示例可查看 ESP32 DevKitC 开发板的 `原理图 <https://dl.espressif.com/dl/schematics/esp32_devkitc_v4-sch-20180607a.pdf>`_。
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一般来说，使用官方的 ESP-IDF 开发板不会出现问题。但是，``esptool.py`` 在以下情况下不能自动重置硬件。
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- 您的硬件没有连接到 ``{IDF_TARGET_STRAP_GPIO}`` 和 ``CIHP_PU`` 的 DTR 和 RTS 控制线。
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- DTR 和 RTS 控制线的配置方式不同
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- 根本没有这样的串行控制线路
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根据您硬件的种类，也可以将您 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 开发板手动设置成固件下载模式（复位）。
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- 对于 Espressif 的开发板，您可以参考对应开发板的入门指南或用户指南。例如，可以通过按住 **Boot** 按钮 (``{IDF_TARGET_STRAP_GPIO}``) 再按住 **EN** 按钮(``CHIP_PU``) 来手动复位 ESP-IDF 开发板。
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- 对于其他类型的硬件，可以尝试将 ``{IDF_TARGET_STRAP_GPIO}`` 拉低。
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常规操作
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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在烧录过程中，您会看到类似如下的输出日志：
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.. only:: esp32
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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esptool.py --chip esp32 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 460800 --before=default_reset --after=hard_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 40m --flash_size 2MB 0x8000 partition_table/partition-table.bin 0x1000 bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x10000 hello_world.bin
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esptool.py v3.0-dev
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Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
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Connecting........_
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Chip is ESP32D0WDQ6 (revision 0)
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Features: WiFi, BT, Dual Core, Coding Scheme None
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Crystal is 40MHz
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MAC: 24:0a:c4:05:b9:14
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Uploading stub...
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Running stub...
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Stub running...
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Changing baud rate to 460800
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Changed.
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Configuring flash size...
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Compressed 3072 bytes to 103...
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Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
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Wrote 3072 bytes (103 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.0 seconds (effective 5962.8 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 26096 bytes to 15408...
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Writing at 0x00001000... (100 %)
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Wrote 26096 bytes (15408 compressed) at 0x00001000 in 0.4 seconds (effective 546.7 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 147104 bytes to 77364...
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Writing at 0x00010000... (20 %)
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Writing at 0x00014000... (40 %)
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Writing at 0x00018000... (60 %)
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Writing at 0x0001c000... (80 %)
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Writing at 0x00020000... (100 %)
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Wrote 147104 bytes (77364 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 1.9 seconds (effective 615.5 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Leaving...
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Hard resetting via RTS pin...
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Done
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.. only:: esp32s2
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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esptool.py --chip esp32s2 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 460800 --before=default_reset --after=hard_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 40m --flash_size 2MB 0x8000 partition_table/partition-table.bin 0x1000 bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x10000 hello_world.bin
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esptool.py v3.0-dev
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Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
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Connecting....
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Chip is ESP32-S2
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Features: WiFi
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Crystal is 40MHz
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MAC: 18:fe:34:72:50:e3
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Uploading stub...
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Running stub...
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Stub running...
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Changing baud rate to 460800
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Changed.
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Configuring flash size...
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Compressed 3072 bytes to 103...
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Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
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Wrote 3072 bytes (103 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.0 seconds (effective 3851.6 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 22592 bytes to 13483...
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Writing at 0x00001000... (100 %)
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Wrote 22592 bytes (13483 compressed) at 0x00001000 in 0.3 seconds (effective 595.1 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 140048 bytes to 70298...
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Writing at 0x00010000... (20 %)
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Writing at 0x00014000... (40 %)
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Writing at 0x00018000... (60 %)
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Writing at 0x0001c000... (80 %)
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Writing at 0x00020000... (100 %)
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Wrote 140048 bytes (70298 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 1.7 seconds (effective 662.5 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Leaving...
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Hard resetting via RTS pin...
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Done
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.. only:: esp32s3
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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esptool.py esp32s3 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 460800 --before=default_reset --after=hard_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size 2MB 0x0 bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x10000 hello_world.bin 0x8000 partition_table/partition-table.bin
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esptool.py v3.2-dev
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Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
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Connecting....
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Chip is ESP32-S3
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Features: WiFi, BLE
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Crystal is 40MHz
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MAC: 7c:df:a1:e0:00:64
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Uploading stub...
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Running stub...
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Stub running...
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Changing baud rate to 460800
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Changed.
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Configuring flash size...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00000000 to 0x00004fff...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00010000 to 0x00039fff...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00008000 to 0x00008fff...
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Compressed 18896 bytes to 11758...
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Writing at 0x00000000... (100 %)
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Wrote 18896 bytes (11758 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 0.5 seconds (effective 279.9 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 168208 bytes to 88178...
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Writing at 0x00010000... (16 %)
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Writing at 0x0001a80f... (33 %)
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Writing at 0x000201f1... (50 %)
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Writing at 0x00025dcf... (66 %)
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Writing at 0x0002d0be... (83 %)
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Writing at 0x00036c07... (100 %)
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Wrote 168208 bytes (88178 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 2.4 seconds (effective 569.2 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 3072 bytes to 103...
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Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
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Wrote 3072 bytes (103 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.1 seconds (effective 478.9 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Leaving...
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Hard resetting via RTS pin...
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Done
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.. only:: esp32c2
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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esptool.py esp32c2 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 460800 --before=default_reset --after=hard_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 60m --flash_size 2MB 0x0 bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x10000 hello_world.bin 0x8000 partition_table/partition-table.bin
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esptool.py v3.3.1
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Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
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Connecting....
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Chip is ESP32-C2 (revision 1)
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Features: Wi-Fi
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Crystal is 40MHz
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MAC: 10:97:bd:f0:e5:0c
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Uploading stub...
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Running stub...
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Stub running...
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Changing baud rate to 460800
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Changed.
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Configuring flash size...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00000000 to 0x00004fff...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00010000 to 0x0002ffff...
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Flash will be erased from 0x00008000 to 0x00008fff...
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Compressed 18192 bytes to 10989...
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Writing at 0x00000000... (100 %)
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Wrote 18192 bytes (10989 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 0.6 seconds (effective 248.5 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 128640 bytes to 65895...
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Writing at 0x00010000... (20 %)
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Writing at 0x00019539... (40 %)
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Writing at 0x00020bf2... (60 %)
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Writing at 0x00027de1... (80 %)
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Writing at 0x0002f480... (100 %)
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Wrote 128640 bytes (65895 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 1.7 seconds (effective 603.0 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 3072 bytes to 103...
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Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
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Wrote 3072 bytes (103 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.1 seconds (effective 360.1 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Leaving...
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Hard resetting via RTS pin...
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.. only:: esp32c3
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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esptool.py --chip esp32c3 -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 460800 --before=default_reset --after=hard_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size 2MB 0x8000 partition_table/partition-table.bin 0x0 bootloader/bootloader.bin 0x10000 hello_world.bin
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esptool.py v3.0
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Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
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Connecting....
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Chip is ESP32-C3
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Features: Wi-Fi
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Crystal is 40MHz
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MAC: 7c:df:a1:40:02:a4
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Uploading stub...
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Running stub...
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Stub running...
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Changing baud rate to 460800
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Changed.
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Configuring flash size...
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Compressed 3072 bytes to 103...
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Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
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Wrote 3072 bytes (103 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.0 seconds (effective 4238.1 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 18960 bytes to 11311...
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Writing at 0x00000000... (100 %)
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Wrote 18960 bytes (11311 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 0.3 seconds (effective 584.9 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Compressed 145520 bytes to 71984...
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Writing at 0x00010000... (20 %)
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Writing at 0x00014000... (40 %)
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Writing at 0x00018000... (60 %)
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Writing at 0x0001c000... (80 %)
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Writing at 0x00020000... (100 %)
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Wrote 145520 bytes (71984 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 2.3 seconds (effective 504.4 kbit/s)...
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Hash of data verified.
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Leaving...
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Hard resetting via RTS pin...
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Done
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如果一切顺利，烧录完成后，开发板将会复位，应用程序 "hello_world" 开始运行。
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如果您希望使用 Eclipse 或是 VS Code IDE，而非 ``idf.py``，请参考 :doc:`Eclipse 指南 <eclipse-setup>`，以及 :doc:`VS Code 指南 <vscode-setup>`。
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监视输出
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===============
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您可以使用 ``idf.py -p PORT monitor`` 命令，监视 “hello_world” 工程的运行情况。注意，不要忘记将 PORT 替换为您的串口名称。
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运行该命令后，:doc:`IDF 监视器 <../api-guides/tools/idf-monitor>` 应用程序将启动：::
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$ idf.py -p <PORT> monitor
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Running idf_monitor in directory [...]/esp/hello_world/build
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Executing "python [...]/esp-idf/tools/idf_monitor.py -b 115200 [...]/esp/hello_world/build/hello_world.elf"...
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--- idf_monitor on <PORT> 115200 ---
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--- Quit: Ctrl+] | Menu: Ctrl+T | Help: Ctrl+T followed by Ctrl+H ---
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ets Jun 8 2016 00:22:57
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rst:0x1 (POWERON_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
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ets Jun 8 2016 00:22:57
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...
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此时，您就可以在启动日志和诊断日志之后，看到打印的 “Hello world!” 了。
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.. code-block:: none
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...
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Hello world!
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Restarting in 10 seconds...
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This is {IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME} chip with {IDF_TARGET_CORE_NUM} CPU core(s), {IDF_TARGET_FEATURES}
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Minimum free heap size: {IDF_TARGET_HEAP_SIZE} bytes
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Restarting in 9 seconds...
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Restarting in 8 seconds...
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Restarting in 7 seconds...
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您可使用快捷键 ``Ctrl+]``，退出 IDF 监视器。
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.. only:: esp32
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如果 IDF 监视器在烧录后很快发生错误，或打印信息全是乱码（如下），很有可能是因为您的开发板采用了 26 MHz 晶振，而 ESP-IDF 默认支持大多数开发板使用的 40 MHz 晶振。
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.. figure:: ../../_static/get-started-garbled-output.png
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:align: center
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:alt: 乱码输出
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:figclass: align-center
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此时，您可以：
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1. 退出监视器。
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2. 返回 `menuconfig`。
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3. 进入 ``Component config`` --> ``ESP32-specific`` --> ``Main XTAL frequency`` 进行配置，将 :ref:`CONFIG_ESP32_XTAL_FREQ_SEL` 设置为 26 MHz。
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4. 重新 `编译和烧录` 应用程序。
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.. note::
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您也可以运行以下命令，一次性执行构建、烧录和监视过程：
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``idf.py -p PORT flash monitor``
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此外，
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- 请前往 :doc:`IDF 监视器 <../api-guides/tools/idf-monitor>`，了解更多使用 IDF 监视器的快捷键和其他详情。
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- 请前往 :ref:`idf.py`，查看更多 ``idf.py`` 命令和选项。
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**恭喜，您已完成 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 的入门学习！**
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现在，您可以尝试一些其他 :idf:`examples`，或者直接开发自己的应用程序。
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.. 重要::
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一些示例程序不支持 {IDF_TARGET_NAME}，因为 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 中不包含所需的硬件。
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在编译示例程序前请查看 README 文件中 ``Supported Targets`` 表格。如果表格中包含 {IDF_TARGET_NAME}， 或者不存在这个表格，那么即表示 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 支持这个示例程序。
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其他提示
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===============
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权限问题 /dev/ttyUSB0
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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使用某些 Linux 版本向 {IDF_TARGET_NAME} 烧录固件时，可能会出现 ``Failed to open port /dev/ttyUSB0`` 错误消息。此时可以将用户添加至 :ref:`Linux Dialout 组<linux-dialout-group>`。
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兼容的 Python 版本
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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ESP-IDF 支持 Python 3.7 及以上版本，建议升级操作系统到最新版本从而更新 Python。也可选择从 `sources <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ 安装最新版 Python，或使用 Python 管理系统如 `pyenv <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_ 对版本进行升级管理。
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