diff --git a/components/driver/include/driver/mcpwm.h b/components/driver/include/driver/mcpwm.h
index 7c41efc5db..3e34fac02c 100644
--- a/components/driver/include/driver/mcpwm.h
+++ b/components/driver/include/driver/mcpwm.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "esp_err.h"
 #include "soc/soc.h"
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
-#include "driver/periph_ctrl.h"
 #include "esp_intr_alloc.h"
 #include "hal/mcpwm_types.h"
 
@@ -46,8 +45,7 @@ typedef enum {
 } mcpwm_io_signals_t;
 
 /**
- * @brief MCPWM pin number for
- *
+ * @brief pin number for MCPWM
  */
 typedef struct {
     int mcpwm0a_out_num;       /*!<MCPWM0A out pin*/
@@ -71,9 +69,9 @@ typedef struct {
  * @brief Select MCPWM unit
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_UNIT_0 = 0,  /*!<MCPWM unit0 selected*/
-    MCPWM_UNIT_1,      /*!<MCPWM unit1 selected*/
-    MCPWM_UNIT_MAX,    /*!<Num of MCPWM units on ESP32*/
+    MCPWM_UNIT_0,   /*!<MCPWM unit0 selected*/
+    MCPWM_UNIT_1,   /*!<MCPWM unit1 selected*/
+    MCPWM_UNIT_MAX, /*!<Max number of MCPWM units*/
 } mcpwm_unit_t;
 
 _Static_assert(MCPWM_UNIT_MAX == SOC_MCPWM_GROUPS, "MCPWM unit number not equal to chip capabilities");
@@ -82,19 +80,19 @@ _Static_assert(MCPWM_UNIT_MAX == SOC_MCPWM_GROUPS, "MCPWM unit number not equal
  * @brief Select MCPWM timer
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_TIMER_0 = 0,  /*!<Select MCPWM timer0*/
-    MCPWM_TIMER_1,      /*!<Select MCPWM timer1*/
-    MCPWM_TIMER_2,      /*!<Select MCPWM timer2*/
-    MCPWM_TIMER_MAX,    /*!<Num of MCPWM timers on ESP32*/
+    MCPWM_TIMER_0,   /*!<Select MCPWM timer0*/
+    MCPWM_TIMER_1,   /*!<Select MCPWM timer1*/
+    MCPWM_TIMER_2,   /*!<Select MCPWM timer2*/
+    MCPWM_TIMER_MAX, /*!<Max number of timers in a unit*/
 } mcpwm_timer_t;
 
 /**
  * @brief Select MCPWM operator
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_GEN_A = 0,  /*!<Select MCPWMXA, where 'X' is operator number*/
-    MCPWM_GEN_B,      /*!<Select MCPWMXB, where 'X' is operator number*/
-    MCPWM_GEN_MAX,    /*!<Num of generators to each operator of MCPWM*/
+    MCPWM_GEN_A,   /*!<Select MCPWMXA, where 'X' is operator number*/
+    MCPWM_GEN_B,   /*!<Select MCPWMXB, where 'X' is operator number*/
+    MCPWM_GEN_MAX, /*!<Num of generators to each operator of MCPWM*/
 } mcpwm_generator_t;
 
 //definitions and macros to be back-compatible before IDFv4.1
@@ -107,25 +105,25 @@ typedef mcpwm_generator_t mcpwm_operator_t; ///< @deprecated
  * @brief MCPWM carrier oneshot mode, in this mode the width of the first pulse of carrier can be programmed
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_ONESHOT_MODE_DIS = 0,  /*!<Enable oneshot mode*/
-    MCPWM_ONESHOT_MODE_EN,       /*!<Disable oneshot mode*/
+    MCPWM_ONESHOT_MODE_DIS, /*!<Enable oneshot mode*/
+    MCPWM_ONESHOT_MODE_EN,  /*!<Disable oneshot mode*/
 } mcpwm_carrier_os_t;
 
 /**
  * @brief MCPWM carrier output inversion, high frequency carrier signal active with MCPWM signal is high
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_CARRIER_OUT_IVT_DIS = 0,  /*!<Enable  carrier output inversion*/
-    MCPWM_CARRIER_OUT_IVT_EN,       /*!<Disable carrier output inversion*/
+    MCPWM_CARRIER_OUT_IVT_DIS, /*!<Enable  carrier output inversion*/
+    MCPWM_CARRIER_OUT_IVT_EN,  /*!<Disable carrier output inversion*/
 } mcpwm_carrier_out_ivt_t;
 
 /**
  * @brief MCPWM select fault signal input
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_SELECT_F0 = 0,  /*!<Select F0 as input*/
-    MCPWM_SELECT_F1,      /*!<Select F1 as input*/
-    MCPWM_SELECT_F2,      /*!<Select F2 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_F0, /*!<Select F0 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_F1, /*!<Select F1 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_F2, /*!<Select F2 as input*/
 } mcpwm_fault_signal_t;
 
 /**
@@ -141,8 +139,8 @@ typedef enum {
  * @brief MCPWM select triggering level of fault signal
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_LOW_LEVEL_TGR = 0,  /*!<Fault condition occurs when fault input signal goes from high to low, currently not supported*/
-    MCPWM_HIGH_LEVEL_TGR,     /*!<Fault condition occurs when fault input signal goes low to high*/
+    MCPWM_LOW_LEVEL_TGR,  /*!<Fault condition occurs when fault input signal goes from high to low, currently not supported*/
+    MCPWM_HIGH_LEVEL_TGR, /*!<Fault condition occurs when fault input signal goes low to high*/
 } mcpwm_fault_input_level_t;
 
 /**
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ typedef enum {
     MCPWM_ACTIVE_LOW_COMPLIMENT_MODE,   /*!<MCPWMXA = compliment of rising edge delay,  MCPWMXB = falling edge delay*/
     MCPWM_ACTIVE_RED_FED_FROM_PWMXA,    /*!<MCPWMXA = MCPWMXB = rising edge delay as well as falling edge delay, generated from MCPWMXA*/
     MCPWM_ACTIVE_RED_FED_FROM_PWMXB,    /*!<MCPWMXA = MCPWMXB = rising edge delay as well as falling edge delay, generated from MCPWMXB*/
-    MCPWM_DEADTIME_TYPE_MAX,
+    MCPWM_DEADTIME_TYPE_MAX,            /*!<Maximum number of supported dead time modes*/
 } mcpwm_deadtime_type_t;
 
 /**
@@ -220,9 +218,9 @@ typedef mcpwm_output_action_t mcpwm_action_on_pwmxb_t;
  * @brief MCPWM select capture signal input
  */
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP0 = 0, /*!<Select CAP0 as input*/
-    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP1,     /*!<Select CAP1 as input*/
-    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP2,     /*!<Select CAP2 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP0, /*!<Select CAP0 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP1, /*!<Select CAP1 as input*/
+    MCPWM_SELECT_CAP2, /*!<Select CAP2 as input*/
 } mcpwm_capture_signal_t;
 
 /**
@@ -237,7 +235,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } mcpwm_config_t;
 
 /**
- * @brief MCPWM config carrier structure
+ * @brief MCPWM carrier configuration structure
  */
 typedef struct {
     uint8_t carrier_period;                    /*!<Set carrier period = (carrier_period + 1)*800ns, carrier_period should be < 16*/
@@ -249,8 +247,8 @@ typedef struct {
 
 /**
  * @brief This function initializes each gpio signal for MCPWM
- *        @note
- *        This function initializes one gpio at a time.
+ *
+ * @note This function initializes one gpio at a time.
  *
  * @param mcpwm_num set MCPWM unit(0-1)
  * @param io_signal set MCPWM signals, each MCPWM unit has 6 output(MCPWMXA, MCPWMXB) and 9 input(SYNC_X, FAULT_X, CAP_X)
@@ -265,8 +263,8 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_gpio_init(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_io_signals_t io_signal,
 
 /**
  * @brief Initialize MCPWM gpio structure
- *        @note
- *        This function can be used to initialize more then one gpio at a time.
+ *
+ * @note This function initialize a group of MCPWM GPIOs at a time.
  *
  * @param mcpwm_num set MCPWM unit(0-1)
  * @param mcpwm_pin MCPWM pin structure
@@ -619,20 +617,19 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_fault_deinit(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_fault_signal_t fault_
 /**
  * @brief Initialize capture submodule
  *
- * @note Enabling capture feature could also enable the capture interrupt,
+ * @note Enabling capture feature would also enable the capture interrupt event,
  *       users have to register an interrupt handler by `mcpwm_isr_register`, and in there, query the capture data.
+ * @note The capture timer uses APB_CLK (typically 80MHz) as the count source.
  *
  * @param mcpwm_num set MCPWM unit(0-1)
  * @param cap_edge set capture edge, BIT(0) - negative edge, BIT(1) - positive edge
  * @param cap_sig capture pin, which needs to be enabled
- * @param num_of_pulse count time between rising/falling edge between 2 *(pulses mentioned), counter uses APB_CLK
- *                     [0~MCPWM_LL_MAX_PRESCALE] (MCPWM_LL_MAX_PRESCALE = 255 on ESP32);
+ * @param num_of_pulse Input capture signal prescaling, num_of_pulse ranges from 0 to 255, representing prescaling from 1 to 256.
  *
  * @return
  *     - ESP_OK Success
  *     - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error
  */
-
 esp_err_t mcpwm_capture_enable(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_capture_signal_t cap_sig, mcpwm_capture_on_edge_t cap_edge,
                                uint32_t num_of_pulse);
 
diff --git a/components/driver/mcpwm.c b/components/driver/mcpwm.c
index 294a3ffb96..cefc0a851b 100644
--- a/components/driver/mcpwm.c
+++ b/components/driver/mcpwm.c
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ static const char *TAG = "mcpwm";
 #define MCPWM_GEN_ERROR         "MCPWM GENERATOR ERROR"
 #define MCPWM_DT_ERROR          "MCPWM DEADTIME TYPE ERROR"
 
-#define MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ (SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / 16)
+#define MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_PRESCALE (16)
+#define MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ (SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_PRESCALE)
 #define MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_HZ (MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ / 10)
 
 _Static_assert(SOC_MCPWM_OPERATORS_PER_GROUP >= SOC_MCPWM_TIMERS_PER_GROUP, "This driver assumes the timer num equals to the operator num.");
@@ -100,12 +101,12 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_gpio_init(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_io_signals_t io_signal,
         esp_rom_gpio_connect_out_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].operators[operator_id].generators[generator_id].pwm_sig, 0, 0);
     } else if (io_signal <= MCPWM_SYNC_2) { // External sync input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
-        int ext_sync_id = io_signal - MCPWM_SYNC_0;
-        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].ext_syncers[ext_sync_id].sync_sig, 0);
+        int gpio_sync_id = io_signal - MCPWM_SYNC_0;
+        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].gpio_synchros[gpio_sync_id].sync_sig, 0);
     } else if (io_signal <= MCPWM_FAULT_2) { // Fault input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
         int fault_id = io_signal - MCPWM_FAULT_0;
-        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].detectors[fault_id].fault_sig, 0);
+        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].gpio_faults[fault_id].fault_sig, 0);
     } else if (io_signal >= MCPWM_CAP_0 && io_signal <= MCPWM_CAP_2) { // Capture input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
         int capture_id = io_signal - MCPWM_CAP_0;
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_start(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num)
     MCPWM_TIMER_CHECK(mcpwm_num, timer_num);
 
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
-    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(context[mcpwm_num].hal.dev, timer_num, MCPWM_TIMER_START_NO_STOP);
+    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_execute_command(context[mcpwm_num].hal.dev, timer_num, MCPWM_TIMER_START_NO_STOP);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return ESP_OK;
 }
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_stop(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num)
     MCPWM_TIMER_CHECK(mcpwm_num, timer_num);
 
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
-    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(context[mcpwm_num].hal.dev, timer_num, MCPWM_TIMER_STOP_AT_ZERO);
+    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_execute_command(context[mcpwm_num].hal.dev, timer_num, MCPWM_TIMER_STOP_AT_ZERO);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return ESP_OK;
 }
@@ -312,10 +313,10 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_init(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num, const mcpw
     mcpwm_hal_init(hal, &config);
 
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
-    mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock(hal->dev, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ);
+    mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock_prescale(hal->dev, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_PRESCALE);
     mcpwm_ll_group_enable_shadow_mode(hal->dev);
     mcpwm_ll_group_flush_shadow(hal->dev);
-    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock(hal->dev, timer_num, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ, MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_HZ);
+    mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock_prescale(hal->dev, timer_num, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ / MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_HZ);
     mcpwm_ll_timer_set_count_mode(hal->dev, timer_num, mcpwm_conf->counter_mode);
     mcpwm_ll_timer_update_period_at_once(hal->dev, timer_num);
     mcpwm_ll_timer_set_peak(hal->dev, timer_num, MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_HZ / mcpwm_conf->frequency, false);
@@ -336,8 +337,8 @@ uint32_t mcpwm_get_frequency(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num)
     MCPWM_TIMER_CHECK(mcpwm_num, timer_num);
     mcpwm_hal_context_t *hal = &context[mcpwm_num].hal;
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
-    unsigned long long group_clock = mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock(hal->dev);
-    unsigned long long timer_clock = mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock(hal->dev, timer_num, group_clock);
+    unsigned int group_clock = SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock_prescale(hal->dev);
+    unsigned int timer_clock = group_clock / mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock_prescale(hal->dev, timer_num);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return (uint32_t)timer_clock;
 }
@@ -479,7 +480,8 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_deadtime_enable(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num,
 
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
     mcpwm_ll_deadtime_enable_update_delay_on_tez(hal->dev, op, true);
-    mcpwm_ll_deadtime_set_resolution_same_to_timer(hal->dev, op, false);
+    // The dead time delay unit equals to MCPWM group resolution
+    mcpwm_ll_deadtime_resolution_to_timer(hal->dev, op, false);
     mcpwm_ll_deadtime_set_rising_delay(hal->dev, op, red + 1);
     mcpwm_ll_deadtime_set_falling_delay(hal->dev, op, fed + 1);
     switch (dt_mode) {
@@ -611,11 +613,12 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_fault_set_cyc_mode(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_n
 
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
     mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_mode(hal->dev, op, fault_sig, true);
+    mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_refresh_on_tez(hal->dev, op, true);
     mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_oneshot_mode(hal->dev, op, fault_sig, false);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_CBC, action_on_pwmxa);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_CBC, action_on_pwmxa);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_CBC, action_on_pwmxb);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_CBC, action_on_pwmxb);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_CBC, action_on_pwmxa);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_CBC, action_on_pwmxa);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_CBC, action_on_pwmxb);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_CBC, action_on_pwmxb);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return ESP_OK;
 }
@@ -632,10 +635,10 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_fault_set_oneshot_mode(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t tim
     mcpwm_ll_fault_clear_ost(hal->dev, op);
     mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_oneshot_mode(hal->dev, op, fault_sig, true);
     mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_mode(hal->dev, op, fault_sig, false);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_OST, action_on_pwmxa);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_OST, action_on_pwmxa);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_OST, action_on_pwmxb);
-    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_OST, action_on_pwmxb);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_OST, action_on_pwmxa);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 0, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_OST, action_on_pwmxa);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_OST, action_on_pwmxb);
+    mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(hal->dev, op, 1, MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP, MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_OST, action_on_pwmxb);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return ESP_OK;
 }
@@ -644,7 +647,7 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_capture_enable(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_capture_signal_t ca
                                uint32_t num_of_pulse)
 {
     ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(mcpwm_num < SOC_MCPWM_GROUPS, ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG, TAG, MCPWM_GROUP_NUM_ERROR);
-    ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(num_of_pulse <= MCPWM_LL_MAX_PRESCALE, ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG, TAG, MCPWM_PRESCALE_ERROR);
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(num_of_pulse <= MCPWM_LL_MAX_CAPTURE_PRESCALE, ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG, TAG, MCPWM_PRESCALE_ERROR);
     ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(cap_sig < SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_CHANNELS_PER_TIMER, ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG, TAG, MCPWM_CAPTURE_ERROR);
     mcpwm_hal_context_t *hal = &context[mcpwm_num].hal;
     // enable MCPWM module incase user don't use `mcpwm_init` at all
@@ -654,7 +657,7 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_capture_enable(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_capture_signal_t ca
     };
     mcpwm_critical_enter(mcpwm_num);
     mcpwm_hal_init(hal, &init_config);
-    mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock(hal->dev, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_HZ);
+    mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock_prescale(hal->dev, MCPWM_GROUP_CLK_PRESCALE);
     mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_timer(hal->dev, true);
     mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_channel(hal->dev, cap_sig, true);
     mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_negedge(hal->dev, cap_sig, cap_edge & MCPWM_NEG_EDGE);
@@ -707,9 +710,9 @@ esp_err_t mcpwm_sync_enable(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_timer_t timer_num, mcp
     uint32_t set_phase = mcpwm_ll_timer_get_peak(hal->dev, timer_num, false) * phase_val / 1000;
     mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_value(hal->dev, timer_num, set_phase);
     if (sync_sig >= MCPWM_SELECT_SYNC0) {
-        mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_from_external(hal->dev, timer_num, sync_sig - MCPWM_SELECT_SYNC0);
+        mcpwm_ll_timer_set_timer_synchro(hal->dev, timer_num, sync_sig - MCPWM_SELECT_SYNC0);
     }
-    mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_same_in(hal->dev, timer_num);
+    mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_penetrate(hal->dev, timer_num);
     mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_input(hal->dev, timer_num, true);
     mcpwm_critical_exit(mcpwm_num);
     return ESP_OK;
diff --git a/components/driver/test/test_pwm.c b/components/driver/test/test_pwm.c
index 9baef70d5a..17422ee5c9 100644
--- a/components/driver/test/test_pwm.c
+++ b/components/driver/test/test_pwm.c
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ static esp_err_t test_mcpwm_gpio_init(mcpwm_unit_t mcpwm_num, mcpwm_io_signals_t
         esp_rom_gpio_connect_out_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].operators[operator_id].generators[generator_id].pwm_sig, 0, 0);
     } else if (io_signal <= MCPWM_SYNC_2) { // External sync input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT);
-        int ext_sync_id = io_signal - MCPWM_SYNC_0;
-        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].ext_syncers[ext_sync_id].sync_sig, 0);
+        int gpio_sync_id = io_signal - MCPWM_SYNC_0;
+        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].gpio_synchros[gpio_sync_id].sync_sig, 0);
     } else if (io_signal <= MCPWM_FAULT_2) { // Fault input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT);
         int fault_id = io_signal - MCPWM_FAULT_0;
-        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].detectors[fault_id].fault_sig, 0);
+        esp_rom_gpio_connect_in_signal(gpio_num, mcpwm_periph_signals.groups[mcpwm_num].gpio_faults[fault_id].fault_sig, 0);
     } else if (io_signal >= MCPWM_CAP_0 && io_signal <= MCPWM_CAP_2) { // Capture input signal
         gpio_set_direction(gpio_num, GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT);
         int capture_id = io_signal - MCPWM_CAP_0;
diff --git a/components/hal/esp32/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h b/components/hal/esp32/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
index 09674c02da..eff518fc13 100644
--- a/components/hal/esp32/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
+++ b/components/hal/esp32/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
@@ -26,31 +26,36 @@
 #include "soc/soc_caps.h"
 #include "soc/mcpwm_struct.h"
 #include "hal/mcpwm_types.h"
+#include "hal/assert.h"
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 /// Get the address of peripheral registers
-#define MCPWM_LL_GET_HW(ID)     (((ID) == 0) ? &MCPWM0 : &MCPWM1)
-#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_PRESCALE   255
+#define MCPWM_LL_GET_HW(ID) (((ID) == 0) ? &MCPWM0 : &MCPWM1)
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_CAPTURE_PRESCALE 255
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_COMPARE_VALUE    65535
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_DEAD_DELAY       65535
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_PHASE_VALUE      65535
 
 /********************* Group registers *******************/
 
 // Set/Get group clock: PWM_clk = CLK_160M / (prescale + 1)
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, unsigned long long group_clk_hz)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int pre_scale)
 {
-    mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale = (SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / group_clk_hz) - 1;
+    mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale = pre_scale - 1;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long long mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
-    return SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / (mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale + 1);
+    return mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale + 1;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_enable_shadow_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
     mcpwm->update_cfg.global_up_en = 1;
+    // updating of active registers in MCPWM operators should be enabled
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op0_up_en = 1;
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op1_up_en = 1;
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op2_up_en = 1;
@@ -58,7 +63,8 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_enable_shadow_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_flush_shadow(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
-    mcpwm->update_cfg.val ^= (1 << 1);
+    // a toggle can trigger a forced update of all active registers in MCPWM, i.e. shadow->active
+    mcpwm->update_cfg.global_force_up = ~mcpwm->update_cfg.global_force_up;
 }
 
 /********************* Interrupt registers *******************/
@@ -129,47 +135,47 @@ static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_intr_get_capture_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_stop_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 0;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 0;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_tez_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 3;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 3;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_tep_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 6;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 6;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_fault_enter_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (fault_mask & 0x07) << 9;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (fault_mask & 0x07) << 9;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_fault_exit_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (fault_mask & 0x07) << 12;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (fault_mask & 0x07) << 12;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_compare_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_mask, uint32_t cmp_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (operator_mask & 0x07) << (15 + cmp_id * 3);
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (operator_mask & 0x07) << (15 + cmp_id * 3);
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_trip_cbc_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t cbc_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (cbc_mask & 0x07) << 21;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (cbc_mask & 0x07) << 21;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_trip_ost_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t ost_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (ost_mask & 0x07) << 24;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (ost_mask & 0x07) << 24;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_capture_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t capture_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (capture_mask & 0x07) << 27;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (capture_mask & 0x07) << 27;
 }
 
 //////////// enable interrupt for each event ////////////////
@@ -201,13 +207,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_timer_tep(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t t
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault_enter(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
 {
     if (enable) {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (9 + fault_id);  // enter fault interrupt
-        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (12 + fault_id); // exit fault interrupt
     } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (9 + fault_id));
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault_exit(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (12 + fault_id); // exit fault interrupt
+    } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (12 + fault_id));
     }
 }
@@ -221,13 +234,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_compare(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t ope
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
 {
     if (enable) {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (21 + operator_id));
-        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (24 + operator_id));
     } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (21 + operator_id));
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (24 + operator_id));
+    } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (24 + operator_id));
     }
 }
@@ -243,14 +263,14 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_capture(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t cap
 
 /********************* Timer registers *******************/
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, unsigned long long group_clock, unsigned long long timer_clock)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t prescale)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale = group_clock / timer_clock - 1;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale = prescale - 1;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long long mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, unsigned long long group_clock)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
-    return group_clock / (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale + 1);
+    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale + 1;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_peak(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t peak, bool symmetric)
@@ -327,9 +347,9 @@ static inline mcpwm_timer_count_mode_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_mode(mcpwm_dev_t
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_operate_cmd_t mode)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_execute_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_execute_cmd_t cmd)
 {
-    switch (mode) {
+    switch (cmd) {
     case MCPWM_TIMER_STOP_AT_ZERO:
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].mode.start = 0;
         break;
@@ -348,23 +368,14 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int ti
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_count_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t value)
-{
-    // we use software sync to set count value
-    int previous_phase = mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = value;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw = ~mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = previous_phase;
-}
-
 static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
     return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.value;
 }
 
-static inline bool mcpwm_ll_is_timer_decreasing(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline mcpwm_timer_direction_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
-    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.direction;
+    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.direction ? MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN : MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_input(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, bool enable)
@@ -372,8 +383,9 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_input(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int time
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.in_en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_same_in(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_penetrate(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
+    // sync_out is selected to sync_in
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 0;
 }
 
@@ -383,47 +395,51 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_on_timer_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, in
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 1;
     } else if (event == MCPWM_TIMER_EVENT_PEAK) {
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 2;
+    } else {
+        HAL_ASSERT(false);
     }
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_disable_sync_out(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
+    // sync_out will always be zero
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 3;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_trigger_sw_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_trigger_soft_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw = ~mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t reload_val)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t phase_value)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = reload_val;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = phase_value;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction)
 {
-    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.phase_direct = direction;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, bool decrease)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_gpio_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer, int gpio_sync_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.phase_direct = decrease;
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (gpio_sync_id + 4) << (timer * 3);
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_from_internal_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int this_timer, int internal_sync_timer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_timer_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer, int timer_sync_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (this_timer * 3));
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (internal_sync_timer + 1) << (this_timer * 3);
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (timer_sync_id + 1) << (timer * 3);
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_from_external(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int this_timer, int extern_syncer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_soft_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (this_timer * 3));
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (extern_syncer + 4) << (this_timer * 3);
+    // no sync input is selected, but software sync can still work
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_invert_external_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_id, bool invert)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_invert_gpio_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_id, bool invert)
 {
     if (invert) {
         mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= 1 << (sync_id + 9);
@@ -524,6 +540,19 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_enable_update_action_on_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *m
     }
 }
 
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_set_trigger_gpio_fault(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int trig_id, int fault_id)
+{
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val &= ~(0x07 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val |= (fault_id << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_set_trigger_timer_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int trig_id)
+{
+    // the timer here is not selectable, must be the one connected with the operator
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val &= ~(0x07 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val |= (3 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+}
+
 /********************* Generator registers *******************/
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_reset_actions(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
@@ -567,31 +596,58 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trigger_event(mcpwm_dev_t *m
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_onetime_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_trigger_noncontinue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
 {
     if (generator_id == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = action;
         mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = action;
         mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce;
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_continuous_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_disable_continue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // force action immediately
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // update force method immediately
     if (generator_id == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = action;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = 0;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = action;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_disable_noncontinue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
+{
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = 0;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_continue_force_level(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int level)
+{
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // update force method immediately
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = level + 1;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = level + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_noncontinue_force_level(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int level)
+{
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = level + 1;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = level + 1;
     }
 }
 
 /********************* Dead time registers *******************/
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_set_resolution_same_to_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool same)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_resolution_to_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool same)
 {
+    // whether to make the resolution of dead time delay module the same to the timer connected with operator
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.clk_sel = same;
 }
 
@@ -637,7 +693,7 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_enable_deb(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.deb_mode = enable;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_deadtime_get_topology_code(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_deadtime_get_switch_topology(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 {
     return (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.deb_mode << 8) | (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.b_outswap << 7) |
            (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.a_outswap << 6) | (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.fed_insel << 5) |
@@ -781,25 +837,32 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_clear_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_oneshot_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int fault_sig, bool enable)
 {
-    if (fault_sig == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f0_ost = enable;
-    } else if (fault_sig == 1) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f1_ost = enable;
-    } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f2_ost = enable;
-    }
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(1 << (7 - fault_sig));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= (enable << (7 - fault_sig));
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int fault_sig, bool enable)
 {
-    if (fault_sig == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f0_cbc = enable;
-    } else if (fault_sig == 1) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f1_cbc = enable;
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(1 << (3 - fault_sig));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= (enable << (3 - fault_sig));
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_refresh_on_tez(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val |= 1 << 1;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f2_cbc = enable;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val &= ~(1 << 1);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_refresh_on_tep(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val |= 1 << 2;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val &= ~(1 << 2);
     }
-    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.cbcpulse = 1 << 0;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_sw_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
@@ -817,20 +880,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operato
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_cbc = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_cbc;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_oneshot(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 {
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_ost = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_ost;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id,
-        mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction, mcpwm_fault_reaction_t reaction, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id,
+        mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction, mcpwm_trip_type_t trip, int action)
 {
     if (direction == MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction + 2));
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction + 2);
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip + 2));
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip + 2);
     } else if (direction == MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction));
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction);
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip));
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip);
     }
 }
 
@@ -856,12 +919,12 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_channel(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int chann
     mcpwm->cap_cfg_ch[channel].en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_sync_phase(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t phase_value)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t phase_value)
 {
     mcpwm->cap_timer_phase = phase_value;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_capture_get_sync_phase(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_capture_get_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
     return mcpwm->cap_timer_phase;
 }
@@ -871,14 +934,14 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_timer_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, bool e
     mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_internal_timer_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_out_timer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_internal_timer_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_out_timer)
 {
     mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = sync_out_timer + 1;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_external_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int extern_syncer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_external_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int extern_synchro)
 {
-    mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = extern_syncer + 4;
+    mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = extern_synchro + 4;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_trigger_sw_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
diff --git a/components/hal/esp32s3/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h b/components/hal/esp32s3/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
index 132f7a5968..2a8f9a7f74 100644
--- a/components/hal/esp32s3/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
+++ b/components/hal/esp32s3/include/hal/mcpwm_ll.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "soc/soc_caps.h"
 #include "soc/mcpwm_struct.h"
 #include "hal/mcpwm_types.h"
+#include "hal/assert.h"
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -33,24 +34,28 @@ extern "C" {
 
 /// Get the address of peripheral registers
 #define MCPWM_LL_GET_HW(ID) (((ID) == 0) ? &MCPWM0 : &MCPWM1)
-#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_PRESCALE   255
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_CAPTURE_PRESCALE 255
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_COMPARE_VALUE    65535
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_DEAD_DELAY       65535
+#define MCPWM_LL_MAX_PHASE_VALUE      65535
 
 /********************* Group registers *******************/
 
 // Set/Get group clock: PWM_clk = CLK_160M / (prescale + 1)
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, unsigned long long group_clk_hz)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_set_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int pre_scale)
 {
-    mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale = (SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / group_clk_hz) - 1;
+    mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale = pre_scale - 1;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long long mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_group_get_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
-    return SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ / (mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale + 1);
+    return mcpwm->clk_cfg.prescale + 1;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_enable_shadow_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
     mcpwm->update_cfg.global_up_en = 1;
+    // updating of active registers in MCPWM operators should be enabled
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op0_up_en = 1;
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op1_up_en = 1;
     mcpwm->update_cfg.op2_up_en = 1;
@@ -58,7 +63,8 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_enable_shadow_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_group_flush_shadow(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
-    mcpwm->update_cfg.val ^= (1 << 1);
+    // a toggle can trigger a forced update of all active registers in MCPWM, i.e. shadow->active
+    mcpwm->update_cfg.global_force_up = ~mcpwm->update_cfg.global_force_up;
 }
 
 /********************* Interrupt registers *******************/
@@ -129,47 +135,47 @@ static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_intr_get_capture_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_stop_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 0;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 0;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_tez_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 3;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 3;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_timer_tep_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t timer_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (timer_mask & 0x07) << 6;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (timer_mask & 0x07) << 6;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_fault_enter_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (fault_mask & 0x07) << 9;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (fault_mask & 0x07) << 9;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_fault_exit_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (fault_mask & 0x07) << 12;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (fault_mask & 0x07) << 12;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_compare_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_mask, uint32_t cmp_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (operator_mask & 0x07) << (15 + cmp_id * 3);
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (operator_mask & 0x07) << (15 + cmp_id * 3);
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_trip_cbc_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t cbc_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (cbc_mask & 0x07) << 21;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (cbc_mask & 0x07) << 21;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_trip_ost_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t ost_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (ost_mask & 0x07) << 24;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (ost_mask & 0x07) << 24;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_clear_capture_status(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t capture_mask)
 {
-    mcpwm->int_clr.val |= (capture_mask & 0x07) << 27;
+    mcpwm->int_clr.val = (capture_mask & 0x07) << 27;
 }
 
 //////////// enable interrupt for each event ////////////////
@@ -201,13 +207,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_timer_tep(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t t
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault_enter(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
 {
     if (enable) {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (9 + fault_id);  // enter fault interrupt
-        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (12 + fault_id); // exit fault interrupt
     } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (9 + fault_id));
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_fault_exit(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t fault_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= 1 << (12 + fault_id); // exit fault interrupt
+    } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (12 + fault_id));
     }
 }
@@ -221,13 +234,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_compare(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t ope
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
 {
     if (enable) {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (21 + operator_id));
-        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (24 + operator_id));
     } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (21 + operator_id));
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_trip_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->int_ena.val |= (1 << (24 + operator_id));
+    } else {
         mcpwm->int_ena.val &= ~(1 << (24 + operator_id));
     }
 }
@@ -243,14 +263,14 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_intr_enable_capture(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t cap
 
 /********************* Timer registers *******************/
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, unsigned long long group_clock, unsigned long long timer_clock)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t prescale)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale = group_clock / timer_clock - 1;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale = prescale - 1;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long long mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, unsigned long long group_clock)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_clock_prescale(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
-    return group_clock / (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale + 1);
+    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.prescale + 1;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_peak(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t peak, bool symmetric)
@@ -327,9 +347,9 @@ static inline mcpwm_timer_count_mode_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_mode(mcpwm_dev_t
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_operate_cmd_t mode)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_execute_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_execute_cmd_t cmd)
 {
-    switch (mode) {
+    switch (cmd) {
     case MCPWM_TIMER_STOP_AT_ZERO:
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].mode.start = 0;
         break;
@@ -348,23 +368,23 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_operate_command(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int ti
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_count_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t value)
-{
-    // we use software sync to set count value
-    int previous_phase = mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = value;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw = ~mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw;
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = previous_phase;
-}
-
 static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
-    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.value;
+    // status.value saves the "next count value", so need an extra round up here to get the current count value according to count mode
+    // timer is paused
+    if (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].mode.mode == 0) {
+        return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.value;
+    }
+    if (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.direction) { // down direction
+        return (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.value + 1) % (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.period + 1);
+    }
+    // up direction
+    return (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.value + mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.period) % (mcpwm->timer[timer_id].period.period + 1);
 }
 
-static inline bool mcpwm_ll_is_timer_decreasing(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline mcpwm_timer_direction_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_count_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
-    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.direction;
+    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].status.direction ? MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN : MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_input(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, bool enable)
@@ -372,8 +392,9 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_input(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int time
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.in_en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_same_in(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_penetrate(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
+    // sync_out is selected to sync_in
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 0;
 }
 
@@ -383,47 +404,51 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_sync_out_on_timer_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, in
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 1;
     } else if (event == MCPWM_TIMER_EVENT_PEAK) {
         mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 2;
+    } else {
+        HAL_ASSERT(false);
     }
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_disable_sync_out(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
+    // sync_out will always be zero
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.out_sel = 3;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_trigger_sw_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_trigger_soft_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
 {
     mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw = ~mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.sync_sw;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t reload_val)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, uint32_t phase_value)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = reload_val;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase = phase_value;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_timer_get_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction)
 {
-    return mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.timer_phase;
+    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.phase_direct = direction;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_sync_phase_direction(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer_id, bool decrease)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_gpio_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer, int gpio_sync_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer[timer_id].sync.phase_direct = decrease;
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (gpio_sync_id + 4) << (timer * 3);
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_from_internal_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int this_timer, int internal_sync_timer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_timer_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer, int timer_sync_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (this_timer * 3));
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (internal_sync_timer + 1) << (this_timer * 3);
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (timer_sync_id + 1) << (timer * 3);
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_enable_sync_from_external(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int this_timer, int extern_syncer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_timer_set_soft_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int timer)
 {
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (this_timer * 3));
-    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= (extern_syncer + 4) << (this_timer * 3);
+    // no sync input is selected, but software sync can still work
+    mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val &= ~(0x07 << (timer * 3));
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_invert_external_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_id, bool invert)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_invert_gpio_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_id, bool invert)
 {
     if (invert) {
         mcpwm->timer_synci_cfg.val |= 1 << (sync_id + 9);
@@ -524,6 +549,19 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_enable_update_action_on_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *m
     }
 }
 
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_set_trigger_gpio_fault(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int trig_id, int fault_id)
+{
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val &= ~(0x07 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val |= (fault_id << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_operator_set_trigger_timer_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int trig_id)
+{
+    // the timer here is not selectable, must be the one connected with the operator
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val &= ~(0x07 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_cfg0.val |= (3 << (4 + 3 * trig_id));
+}
+
 /********************* Generator registers *******************/
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_reset_actions(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
@@ -567,31 +605,58 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trigger_event(mcpwm_dev_t *m
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_onetime_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_trigger_noncontinue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
 {
     if (generator_id == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = action;
         mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = action;
         mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce;
     }
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_continuous_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_disable_continue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
 {
-    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // force action immediately
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // update force method immediately
     if (generator_id == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = action;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = 0;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = action;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_disable_noncontinue_force_action(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id)
+{
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = 0;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_continue_force_level(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int level)
+{
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.cntu_force_upmethod = 0; // update force method immediately
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_cntuforce_mode = level + 1;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_cntuforce_mode = level + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_gen_set_noncontinue_force_level(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id, int level)
+{
+    if (generator_id == 0) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.a_nciforce_mode = level + 1;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].gen_force.b_nciforce_mode = level + 1;
     }
 }
 
 /********************* Dead time registers *******************/
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_set_resolution_same_to_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool same)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_resolution_to_timer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool same)
 {
+    // whether to make the resolution of dead time delay module the same to the timer connected with operator
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.clk_sel = same;
 }
 
@@ -637,7 +702,7 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_deadtime_enable_deb(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.deb_mode = enable;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_deadtime_get_topology_code(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_deadtime_get_switch_topology(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 {
     return (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.deb_mode << 8) | (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.b_outswap << 7) |
            (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.a_outswap << 6) | (mcpwm->channel[operator_id].db_cfg.fed_insel << 5) |
@@ -781,25 +846,32 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_clear_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_oneshot_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int fault_sig, bool enable)
 {
-    if (fault_sig == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f0_ost = enable;
-    } else if (fault_sig == 1) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f1_ost = enable;
-    } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f2_ost = enable;
-    }
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(1 << (7 - fault_sig));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= (enable << (7 - fault_sig));
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_mode(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int fault_sig, bool enable)
 {
-    if (fault_sig == 0) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f0_cbc = enable;
-    } else if (fault_sig == 1) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f1_cbc = enable;
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(1 << (3 - fault_sig));
+    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= (enable << (3 - fault_sig));
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_refresh_on_tez(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val |= 1 << 1;
     } else {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.f2_cbc = enable;
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val &= ~(1 << 1);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_cbc_refresh_on_tep(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
+{
+    if (enable) {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val |= 1 << 2;
+    } else {
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.val &= ~(1 << 2);
     }
-    mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.cbcpulse = 1 << 0;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_enable_sw_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, bool enable)
@@ -817,20 +889,20 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_cbc(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operato
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_cbc = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_cbc;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_oneshot(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_fault_trigger_sw_ost(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id)
 {
     mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_ost = ~mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg1.force_ost;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_fault_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id,
-        mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction, mcpwm_fault_reaction_t reaction, int action)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_generator_set_action_on_trip_event(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int operator_id, int generator_id,
+        mcpwm_timer_direction_t direction, mcpwm_trip_type_t trip, int action)
 {
     if (direction == MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_UP) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction + 2));
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction + 2);
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip + 2));
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip + 2);
     } else if (direction == MCPWM_TIMER_DIRECTION_DOWN) {
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction));
-        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * reaction);
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val &= ~(0x03 << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip));
+        mcpwm->channel[operator_id].tz_cfg0.val |= action << (8 + 8 * generator_id + 4 * trip);
     }
 }
 
@@ -856,12 +928,12 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_channel(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int chann
     mcpwm->cap_cfg_ch[channel].en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_sync_phase(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t phase_value)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, uint32_t phase_value)
 {
     mcpwm->cap_timer_phase = phase_value;
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_capture_get_sync_phase(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
+static inline uint32_t mcpwm_ll_capture_get_sync_phase_value(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
 {
     return mcpwm->cap_timer_phase;
 }
@@ -871,14 +943,14 @@ static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_enable_timer_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, bool e
     mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_en = enable;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_internal_timer_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_out_timer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_internal_timer_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int sync_out_timer)
 {
     mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = sync_out_timer + 1;
 }
 
-static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_external_syncer(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int extern_syncer)
+static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_set_external_synchro(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm, int extern_synchro)
 {
-    mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = extern_syncer + 4;
+    mcpwm->cap_timer_cfg.synci_sel = extern_synchro + 4;
 }
 
 static inline void mcpwm_ll_capture_trigger_sw_sync(mcpwm_dev_t *mcpwm)
diff --git a/components/hal/include/hal/mcpwm_types.h b/components/hal/include/hal/mcpwm_types.h
index 77f9c80c12..b9c37315bc 100644
--- a/components/hal/include/hal/mcpwm_types.h
+++ b/components/hal/include/hal/mcpwm_types.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ typedef enum {
     MCPWM_TIMER_START_NO_STOP,      /*!< MCPWM timer starts couting */
     MCPWM_TIMER_START_STOP_AT_ZERO, /*!< MCPWM timer starts counting and stops when couting to zero */
     MCPWM_TIMER_START_STOP_AT_PEAK, /*!< MCPWM timer starts counting and stops when counting to peak */
-} mcpwm_timer_operate_cmd_t;
+} mcpwm_timer_execute_cmd_t;
 
 typedef enum {
     MCPWM_GEN_ACTION_KEEP,   /*!< Generator action: Keep the same level */
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ typedef enum {
 } mcpwm_generator_action_t;
 
 typedef enum {
-    MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_CBC, /*!< Reaction on fault signal: recover cycle by cycle */
-    MCPWM_FAULT_REACTION_OST, /*!< Reaction on fault signal: one shot trip */
-} mcpwm_fault_reaction_t;
+    MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_CBC, /*!< CBC trip type, shut down the operator cycle by cycle*/
+    MCPWM_TRIP_TYPE_OST, /*!< OST trip type, shut down the operator in one shot */
+} mcpwm_trip_type_t;
diff --git a/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/gpio_sig_map.h b/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/gpio_sig_map.h
index b2114d8583..b079c9515e 100644
--- a/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/gpio_sig_map.h
+++ b/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/gpio_sig_map.h
@@ -236,26 +236,8 @@
 #define PWM1_CAP1_IN_IDX			113
 #define PWM1_OUT2B_IDX			113
 #define PWM1_CAP2_IN_IDX			114
-#define PWM2_OUT1H_IDX			114
-#define PWM2_FLTA_IDX			115
-#define PWM2_OUT1L_IDX			115
-#define PWM2_FLTB_IDX			116
-#define PWM2_OUT2H_IDX			116
-#define PWM2_CAP1_IN_IDX			117
-#define PWM2_OUT2L_IDX			117
-#define PWM2_CAP2_IN_IDX			118
-#define PWM2_OUT3H_IDX			118
-#define PWM2_CAP3_IN_IDX			119
-#define PWM2_OUT3L_IDX			119
-#define PWM3_FLTA_IDX			120
-#define PWM2_OUT4H_IDX			120
-#define PWM3_FLTB_IDX			121
-#define PWM2_OUT4L_IDX			121
-#define PWM3_CAP1_IN_IDX			122
-#define PWM3_CAP2_IN_IDX			123
 #define TWAI_TX_IDX			123
 #define CAN_TX_IDX			TWAI_TX_IDX
-#define PWM3_CAP3_IN_IDX			124
 #define TWAI_BUS_OFF_ON_IDX			124
 #define CAN_BUS_OFF_ON_IDX			TWAI_BUS_OFF_ON_IDX
 #define TWAI_CLKOUT_IDX			125
@@ -369,19 +351,11 @@
 #define I2S1O_DATA_OUT22_IDX			188
 #define I2S1O_DATA_OUT23_IDX			189
 #define I2S0I_H_SYNC_IDX			190
-#define PWM3_OUT1H_IDX			190
 #define I2S0I_V_SYNC_IDX			191
-#define PWM3_OUT1L_IDX			191
 #define I2S0I_H_ENABLE_IDX			192
-#define PWM3_OUT2H_IDX			192
 #define I2S1I_H_SYNC_IDX			193
-#define PWM3_OUT2L_IDX			193
 #define I2S1I_V_SYNC_IDX			194
-#define PWM3_OUT3H_IDX			194
 #define I2S1I_H_ENABLE_IDX			195
-#define PWM3_OUT3L_IDX			195
-#define PWM3_OUT4H_IDX			196
-#define PWM3_OUT4L_IDX			197
 #define U2RXD_IN_IDX			198
 #define U2TXD_OUT_IDX			198
 #define U2CTS_IN_IDX			199
diff --git a/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/soc_caps.h b/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/soc_caps.h
index 1ecedd6557..dd6f994b1a 100644
--- a/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/soc_caps.h
+++ b/components/soc/esp32/include/soc/soc_caps.h
@@ -158,10 +158,11 @@
 #define SOC_MCPWM_OPERATORS_PER_GROUP        (3)    ///< The number of operators that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_COMPARATORS_PER_OPERATOR   (2)    ///< The number of comparators that each operator has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_GENERATORS_PER_OPERATOR    (2)    ///< The number of generators that each operator has
-#define SOC_MCPWM_FAULT_DETECTORS_PER_GROUP  (3)    ///< The number of fault signal detectors that each group has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_TRIGGERS_PER_OPERATOR      (2)    ///< The number of triggers that each operator has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_FAULTS_PER_GROUP      (3)    ///< The number of GPIO fault signals that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_TIMERS_PER_GROUP   (1)    ///< The number of capture timers that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_CHANNELS_PER_TIMER (3)    ///< The number of capture channels that each capture timer has
-#define SOC_MCPWM_EXT_SYNCERS_PER_GROUP      (3)    ///< The number of external syncers that each group has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_SYNCHROS_PER_GROUP    (3)    ///< The number of GPIO synchros that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ       (160000000ULL)  ///< Base Clock frequency of 160MHz
 
 /*-------------------------- MPU CAPS ----------------------------------------*/
diff --git a/components/soc/esp32/mcpwm_periph.c b/components/soc/esp32/mcpwm_periph.c
index 0a30191ff1..ae51d75c6a 100644
--- a/components/soc/esp32/mcpwm_periph.c
+++ b/components/soc/esp32/mcpwm_periph.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            .detectors = {
+            .gpio_faults = {
                 [0] = {
                     .fault_sig = PWM0_F0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     .cap_sig = PWM0_CAP2_IN_IDX
                 }
             },
-            .ext_syncers = {
+            .gpio_synchros = {
                 [0] = {
                     .sync_sig = PWM0_SYNC0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            .detectors = {
+            .gpio_faults = {
                 [0] = {
                     .fault_sig = PWM1_F0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     .cap_sig = PWM1_CAP2_IN_IDX
                 }
             },
-            .ext_syncers = {
+            .gpio_synchros = {
                 [0] = {
                     .sync_sig = PWM1_SYNC0_IN_IDX
                 },
diff --git a/components/soc/esp32s3/include/soc/soc_caps.h b/components/soc/esp32s3/include/soc/soc_caps.h
index a97f63c52a..c762242d09 100644
--- a/components/soc/esp32s3/include/soc/soc_caps.h
+++ b/components/soc/esp32s3/include/soc/soc_caps.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@
 #define SOC_MCPWM_OPERATORS_PER_GROUP        (3)    ///< The number of operators that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_COMPARATORS_PER_OPERATOR   (2)    ///< The number of comparators that each operator has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_GENERATORS_PER_OPERATOR    (2)    ///< The number of generators that each operator has
-#define SOC_MCPWM_FAULT_DETECTORS_PER_GROUP  (3)    ///< The number of fault signal detectors that each group has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_TRIGGERS_PER_OPERATOR      (2)    ///< The number of triggers that each operator has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_FAULTS_PER_GROUP      (3)    ///< The number of fault signal detectors that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_TIMERS_PER_GROUP   (1)    ///< The number of capture timers that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_CHANNELS_PER_TIMER (3)    ///< The number of capture channels that each capture timer has
-#define SOC_MCPWM_EXT_SYNCERS_PER_GROUP      (3)    ///< The number of external syncers that each group has
+#define SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_SYNCHROS_PER_GROUP    (3)    ///< The number of GPIO synchros that each group has
 #define SOC_MCPWM_BASE_CLK_HZ       (160000000ULL)  ///< Base Clock frequency of 160MHz
 
 /*-------------------------- MPU CAPS ----------------------------------------*/
diff --git a/components/soc/esp32s3/mcpwm_periph.c b/components/soc/esp32s3/mcpwm_periph.c
index 0a30191ff1..ae51d75c6a 100644
--- a/components/soc/esp32s3/mcpwm_periph.c
+++ b/components/soc/esp32s3/mcpwm_periph.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            .detectors = {
+            .gpio_faults = {
                 [0] = {
                     .fault_sig = PWM0_F0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     .cap_sig = PWM0_CAP2_IN_IDX
                 }
             },
-            .ext_syncers = {
+            .gpio_synchros = {
                 [0] = {
                     .sync_sig = PWM0_SYNC0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            .detectors = {
+            .gpio_faults = {
                 [0] = {
                     .fault_sig = PWM1_F0_IN_IDX
                 },
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ const mcpwm_signal_conn_t mcpwm_periph_signals = {
                     .cap_sig = PWM1_CAP2_IN_IDX
                 }
             },
-            .ext_syncers = {
+            .gpio_synchros = {
                 [0] = {
                     .sync_sig = PWM1_SYNC0_IN_IDX
                 },
diff --git a/components/soc/include/soc/mcpwm_periph.h b/components/soc/include/soc/mcpwm_periph.h
index ae5809c91e..d807600c4a 100644
--- a/components/soc/include/soc/mcpwm_periph.h
+++ b/components/soc/include/soc/mcpwm_periph.h
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ typedef struct {
         } operators[SOC_MCPWM_OPERATORS_PER_GROUP];
         struct {
             const uint32_t fault_sig;
-        } detectors[SOC_MCPWM_FAULT_DETECTORS_PER_GROUP];
+        } gpio_faults[SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_FAULTS_PER_GROUP];
         struct {
             const uint32_t cap_sig;
         } captures[SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_CHANNELS_PER_TIMER];
         struct {
             const uint32_t sync_sig;
-        } ext_syncers[SOC_MCPWM_EXT_SYNCERS_PER_GROUP];
+        } gpio_synchros[SOC_MCPWM_GPIO_SYNCHROS_PER_GROUP];
     } groups[SOC_MCPWM_GROUPS];
 } mcpwm_signal_conn_t;