examples/system: add C++ RTTI example

examples/system/cpp_rtti/CMakeLists.txt

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+# The following lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's CMakeLists
+# in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(cpp_rtti)

examples/system/cpp_rtti/Makefile

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+#
+# This is a project Makefile. It is assumed the directory this Makefile resides in is a
+# project subdirectory.
+#
+
+PROJECT_NAME := cpp_rtti
+
+include $(IDF_PATH)/make/project.mk
+

examples/system/cpp_rtti/README.md

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+# Example: C++ run-time type info (RTTI)
+
+(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)
+
+This example demonstrates usage of the RTTI feature in ESP-IDF.
+
+By default, RTTI support is disabled in ESP-IDF. It can be enabled using `CONFIG_COMPILER_CXX_RTTI` configuration option.
+
+In this example, `sdkconfig.defaults` file sets `CONFIG_COMPILER_CXX_RTTI` option. This enables compile time support for RTTI (`-frtti` compiler flag).
+
+The example prints demangled type names of a few objects and functions, obtained from `typeinfo().name`. The example also generates several objects of two classes, derived from a common base class. For each object, it is demonstrated that `dynamic_cast` behaves as expected, returning non-NULL when casting to the real object type, and NULL when casting to a different type.
+
+## How to use example
+
+### Configure the project
+
+To run this example, no additional configuration is necessary.
+
+### Build and Flash
+
+Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:
+
+```
+idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
+```
+
+(Replace PORT with the name of the serial port to use.)
+
+(To exit the serial monitor, type ``Ctrl-]``.)
+
+See the Getting Started Guide for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.
+
+## Example Output
+
+```
+Type names of a few objects:
+	Type name of std::cout is: std::ostream
+	Type name of std::cin is: std::istream
+	Type of app_main is: void ()
+	Type name of a lambda function is: app_main::{lambda(int, int)#1}
+
+Generating 5 random objects and printing their types:
+obj->name() is: DerivedB
+	typeid(*obj).name() is: DerivedB
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0x3ffb7e88
+
+obj->name() is: DerivedB
+	typeid(*obj).name() is: DerivedB
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0x3ffb7e9c
+
+obj->name() is: DerivedA
+	typeid(*obj).name() is: DerivedA
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0x3ffb7eb0
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0
+
+obj->name() is: DerivedB
+	typeid(*obj).name() is: DerivedB
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0x3ffb7ec4
+
+obj->name() is: DerivedA
+	typeid(*obj).name() is: DerivedA
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0x3ffb7ed8
+	dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0
+
+Example finished.
+```

examples/system/cpp_rtti/example_test.py

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+from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import IDF
+except ImportError:
+    # this is a test case write with tiny-test-fw.
+    # to run test cases outside tiny-test-fw,
+    # we need to set environment variable `TEST_FW_PATH`,
+    # then get and insert `TEST_FW_PATH` to sys path before import FW module
+    test_fw_path = os.getenv('TEST_FW_PATH')
+    if test_fw_path and test_fw_path not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.insert(0, test_fw_path)
+    import IDF
+
+
+@IDF.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_WIFI')
+def test_real_time_stats_example(env, extra_data):
+    dut = env.get_dut('cpp_rtti', 'examples/system/cpp_rtti')
+    dut.start_app()
+
+    dut.expect('Type name of std::cout is: std::ostream')
+    dut.expect('Type name of std::cin is: std::istream')
+    dut.expect('Type of app_main is: void ()')
+    dut.expect('Type name of a lambda function is: app_main::{lambda(int, int)#1}')
+
+    dut.expect('dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0')
+    dut.expect('dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0x')
+    dut.expect('dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=0')
+    dut.expect('dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=0x')
+
+    dut.expect('Example finished.')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_real_time_stats_example()

examples/system/cpp_rtti/main/CMakeLists.txt

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+idf_component_register(SRCS "rtti_example_main.cpp"
+                       INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

examples/system/cpp_rtti/main/component.mk

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+#
+# Main Makefile. This is basically the same as a component makefile.
+#

examples/system/cpp_rtti/main/rtti_example_main.cpp

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+/* C++ run-time type info (RTTI) example
+
+   This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
+   software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+   CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+
+using std::cout;
+using std::endl;
+using std::string;
+using std::shared_ptr;
+using std::make_shared;
+
+class Base;
+class DerivedA;
+class DerivedB;
+
+static string demangle(const char* name);
+
+class Base
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~Base() {} ;
+    virtual string name() = 0;
+    static shared_ptr<Base> make_random_derived();
+};
+
+class DerivedA : public Base
+{
+public:
+    string name() override { return "DerivedA"; }
+};
+
+class DerivedB : public Base
+{
+public:
+    string name() override { return "DerivedB"; }
+};
+
+/* Creates either DerivedA or DerivedB, depending on a random number */
+shared_ptr<Base> Base::make_random_derived()
+{
+    if (std::rand() % 2 == 0) {
+        return make_shared<DerivedA>();
+    } else {
+        return make_shared<DerivedB>();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Inside a .cpp file, app_main function must be declared with C linkage */
+extern "C" void app_main()
+{
+    /* Demonstrate typeid().name() */
+    cout << "Type names of a few objects:" << endl << '\t';
+    cout << "Type name of std::cout is: " << demangle(typeid(std::cout).name()) << endl << '\t';
+    cout << "Type name of std::cin is: "  << demangle(typeid(std::cin).name()) << endl << '\t';
+    cout << "Type of app_main is: " << demangle(typeid(app_main).name()) << endl << '\t';
+    auto sum = [](int x, int y) -> int { return x + y; };
+    cout << "Type name of a lambda function is: "  << demangle(typeid(sum).name()) << endl << endl;
+
+    /* Demonstrate dynamic_cast */
+    std::vector<shared_ptr<Base>> objects(5);
+    cout << "Generating " << objects.size() << " random objects and printing their types:" << endl;
+    std::generate(objects.begin(), objects.end(), Base::make_random_derived);
+    for (auto &obj: objects) {
+        cout << "obj->name() is: " << obj->name() << endl << '\t';
+        cout << "typeid(*obj).name() is: " << demangle(typeid(*obj).name()) << endl << '\t';
+        
+        const DerivedA* cast_to_derived_a = dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj.get());
+        const DerivedB* cast_to_derived_b = dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj.get());
+
+        cout << "dynamic_cast<DerivedA*>(obj)=" << static_cast<const void*>(cast_to_derived_a) << endl << '\t';
+        cout << "dynamic_cast<DerivedB*>(obj)=" << static_cast<const void*>(cast_to_derived_b) << endl << endl;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Example finished." << endl;
+}
+
+/* Helper function which converts typeid().name() to a human-readable type name */
+static std::string demangle(const char* name)
+{
+    int status = 0;
+    char* result = abi::__cxa_demangle(name, NULL, NULL, &status);
+    string str_result;
+    if (status == 0) {
+        str_result = result;
+    } else {
+        str_result = name;
+    }
+    free(result);
+    return str_result;
+}

examples/system/cpp_rtti/sdkconfig.defaults

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+CONFIG_COMPILER_CXX_RTTI=y