esp-idf/components/fatfs/fatfs_utils/utils.py

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

import argparse
import binascii
import os
import re
import uuid
from datetime import datetime
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

from construct import BitsInteger, BitStruct, Int16ul

# the regex pattern defines symbols that are allowed by long file names but not by short file names
INVALID_SFN_CHARS_PATTERN = re.compile(r'[.+,;=\[\]]')

FATFS_MIN_ALLOC_UNIT: int = 128
FAT12_MAX_CLUSTERS: int = 4085
FAT16_MAX_CLUSTERS: int = 65525
RESERVED_CLUSTERS_COUNT: int = 2
PAD_CHAR: int = 0x20
FAT12: int = 12
FAT16: int = 16
FAT32: int = 32
FULL_BYTE: bytes = b'\xff'
EMPTY_BYTE: bytes = b'\x00'
# redundant
BYTES_PER_DIRECTORY_ENTRY: int = 32
UINT32_MAX: int = (1 << 32) - 1
MAX_NAME_SIZE: int = 8
MAX_EXT_SIZE: int = 3
DATETIME = Tuple[int, int, int]
FATFS_INCEPTION_YEAR: int = 1980

FATFS_INCEPTION: datetime = datetime(FATFS_INCEPTION_YEAR, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)

FATFS_MAX_HOURS = 24
FATFS_MAX_MINUTES = 60
FATFS_MAX_SECONDS = 60

FATFS_MAX_DAYS = 31
FATFS_MAX_MONTHS = 12
FATFS_MAX_YEARS = 127

FATFS_SECONDS_GRANULARITY: int = 2

# long names are encoded to two bytes in utf-16
LONG_NAMES_ENCODING: str = 'utf-16'
SHORT_NAMES_ENCODING: str = 'utf-8'

# compatible with WL_SECTOR_SIZE
# choices for WL are WL_SECTOR_SIZE_512 and WL_SECTOR_SIZE_4096
ALLOWED_WL_SECTOR_SIZES: List[int] = [512, 4096]
ALLOWED_SECTOR_SIZES: List[int] = [512, 1024, 2048, 4096]

ALLOWED_SECTORS_PER_CLUSTER: List[int] = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128]


def crc32(input_values: List[int], crc: int) -> int:
    """
    Name    Polynomial  Reversed?   Init-value                  XOR-out
    crc32   0x104C11DB7 True        4294967295 (UINT32_MAX)     0xFFFFFFFF
    """
    return binascii.crc32(bytearray(input_values), crc)


def number_of_clusters(number_of_sectors: int, sectors_per_cluster: int) -> int:
    return number_of_sectors // sectors_per_cluster


def get_non_data_sectors_cnt(reserved_sectors_cnt: int, sectors_per_fat_cnt: int, fat_tables_cnt: int, root_dir_sectors_cnt: int) -> int:
    return reserved_sectors_cnt + sectors_per_fat_cnt * fat_tables_cnt + root_dir_sectors_cnt


def get_fatfs_type(clusters_count: int) -> int:
    if clusters_count < FAT12_MAX_CLUSTERS:
        return FAT12
    if clusters_count <= FAT16_MAX_CLUSTERS:
        return FAT16
    return FAT32


def get_fat_sectors_count(clusters_count: int, sector_size: int) -> int:
    fatfs_type_ = get_fatfs_type(clusters_count)
    if fatfs_type_ == FAT32:
        raise NotImplementedError('FAT32 is not supported!')
    # number of byte halves
    cluster_s: int = fatfs_type_ // 4
    fat_size_bytes: int = (
        clusters_count * 2 + cluster_s) if fatfs_type_ == FAT16 else (clusters_count * 3 + 1) // 2 + cluster_s
    return (fat_size_bytes + sector_size - 1) // sector_size


def required_clusters_count(cluster_size: int, content: bytes) -> int:
    # compute number of required clusters for file text
    return (len(content) + cluster_size - 1) // cluster_size


def generate_4bytes_random() -> int:
    return uuid.uuid4().int & 0xFFFFFFFF


def pad_string(content: str, size: Optional[int] = None, pad: int = PAD_CHAR) -> str:
    # cut string if longer and fill with pad character if shorter than size
    return content.ljust(size or len(content), chr(pad))[:size]


def right_strip_string(content: str, pad: int = PAD_CHAR) -> str:
    return content.rstrip(chr(pad))


def build_lfn_short_entry_name(name: str, extension: str, order: int) -> str:
    return '{}{}'.format(pad_string(content=name[:MAX_NAME_SIZE - 2] + '~' + chr(order), size=MAX_NAME_SIZE),
                         pad_string(extension[:MAX_EXT_SIZE], size=MAX_EXT_SIZE))


def lfn_checksum(short_entry_name: str) -> int:
    """
    Function defined by FAT specification. Computes checksum out of name in the short file name entry.
    """
    checksum_result = 0
    for i in range(MAX_NAME_SIZE + MAX_EXT_SIZE):
        # operation is a right rotation on 8 bits (Python equivalent for unsigned char in C)
        checksum_result = (0x80 if checksum_result & 1 else 0x00) + (checksum_result >> 1) + ord(short_entry_name[i])
        checksum_result &= 0xff
    return checksum_result


def convert_to_utf16_and_pad(content: str,
                             expected_size: int,
                             pad: bytes = FULL_BYTE) -> bytes:
    # we need to get rid of the Byte order mark 0xfeff or 0xfffe, fatfs does not use it
    bom_utf16: bytes = b'\xfe\xff'
    encoded_content_utf16: bytes = content.encode(LONG_NAMES_ENCODING)[len(bom_utf16):]
    return encoded_content_utf16.ljust(2 * expected_size, pad)


def split_to_name_and_extension(full_name: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
    name, extension = os.path.splitext(full_name)
    return name, extension.replace('.', '')


def is_valid_fatfs_name(string: str) -> bool:
    return string == string.upper()


def split_by_half_byte_12_bit_little_endian(value: int) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
    value_as_bytes: bytes = Int16ul.build(value)
    return value_as_bytes[0] & 0x0f, value_as_bytes[0] >> 4, value_as_bytes[1] & 0x0f


def merge_by_half_byte_12_bit_little_endian(v1: int, v2: int, v3: int) -> int:
    return v1 | v2 << 4 | v3 << 8


def build_byte(first_half: int, second_half: int) -> int:
    return (first_half << 4) | second_half


def split_content_into_sectors(content: bytes, sector_size: int) -> List[bytes]:
    result = []
    clusters_cnt: int = required_clusters_count(cluster_size=sector_size, content=content)

    for i in range(clusters_cnt):
        result.append(content[sector_size * i:(i + 1) * sector_size])
    return result


def get_args_for_partition_generator(desc: str, wl: bool) -> argparse.Namespace:
    parser: argparse.ArgumentParser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=desc)
    parser.add_argument('input_directory',
                        help='Path to the directory that will be encoded into fatfs image')
    parser.add_argument('--output_file',
                        default='fatfs_image.img',
                        help='Filename of the generated fatfs image')
    parser.add_argument('--partition_size',
                        default=FATDefaults.SIZE,
                        help='Size of the partition in bytes.' +
                             ('' if wl else ' Use `--partition_size detect` for detecting the minimal partition size.')
                        )
    parser.add_argument('--sector_size',
                        default=FATDefaults.SECTOR_SIZE,
                        type=int,
                        choices=ALLOWED_WL_SECTOR_SIZES if wl else ALLOWED_SECTOR_SIZES,
                        help='Size of the partition in bytes')
    parser.add_argument('--sectors_per_cluster',
                        default=1,
                        type=int,
                        choices=ALLOWED_SECTORS_PER_CLUSTER,
                        help='Number of sectors per cluster')
    parser.add_argument('--root_entry_count',
                        default=FATDefaults.ROOT_ENTRIES_COUNT,
                        help='Number of entries in the root directory')
    parser.add_argument('--long_name_support',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='Set flag to enable long names support.')
    parser.add_argument('--use_default_datetime',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='For test purposes. If the flag is set the files are created with '
                             'the default timestamp that is the 1st of January 1980')
    parser.add_argument('--fat_type',
                        default=0,
                        type=int,
                        choices=[FAT12, FAT16, 0],
                        help="""
                        Type of the FAT file-system. Select '12' for FAT12, '16' for FAT16.
                        Leave unset or select 0 for automatic file-system type detection.
                        """)
    parser.add_argument('--fat_count',
                        default=FATDefaults.FAT_TABLES_COUNT,
                        type=int,
                        choices=[1, 2],
                        help='Number of file allocation tables (FATs) in the filesystem.')

    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.fat_type == 0:
        args.fat_type = None
    if args.partition_size == 'detect' and not wl:
        args.partition_size = -1
    args.partition_size = int(str(args.partition_size), 0)
    if not os.path.isdir(args.input_directory):
        raise NotADirectoryError(f'The target directory `{args.input_directory}` does not exist!')
    return args


def read_filesystem(path: str) -> bytearray:
    with open(path, 'rb') as fs_file:
        return bytearray(fs_file.read())


DATE_ENTRY = BitStruct(
    'year' / BitsInteger(7),
    'month' / BitsInteger(4),
    'day' / BitsInteger(5))

TIME_ENTRY = BitStruct(
    'hour' / BitsInteger(5),
    'minute' / BitsInteger(6),
    'second' / BitsInteger(5),
)


def build_name(name: str, extension: str) -> str:
    return f'{name}.{extension}' if len(extension) > 0 else name


def build_date_entry(year: int, mon: int, mday: int) -> int:
    """
    :param year: denotes year starting from 1980 (0 ~ 1980, 1 ~ 1981, etc), valid values are 1980 + 0..127 inclusive
    thus theoretically 1980 - 2107
    :param mon: denotes number of month of year in common order (1 ~ January, 2 ~ February, etc.),
    valid values: 1..12 inclusive
    :param mday: denotes number of day in month, valid values are 1..31 inclusive

    :returns: 16 bit integer number (7 bits for year, 4 bits for month and 5 bits for day of the month)
    """
    assert year in range(FATFS_INCEPTION_YEAR, FATFS_INCEPTION_YEAR + FATFS_MAX_YEARS)
    assert mon in range(1, FATFS_MAX_MONTHS + 1)
    assert mday in range(1, FATFS_MAX_DAYS + 1)
    return int.from_bytes(DATE_ENTRY.build(dict(year=year - FATFS_INCEPTION_YEAR, month=mon, day=mday)), 'big')


def build_time_entry(hour: int, minute: int, sec: int) -> int:
    """
    :param hour: denotes number of hour, valid values are 0..23 inclusive
    :param minute: denotes minutes, valid range 0..59 inclusive
    :param sec: denotes seconds with granularity 2 seconds (e.g. 1 ~ 2, 29 ~ 58), valid range 0..29 inclusive

    :returns: 16 bit integer number (5 bits for hour, 6 bits for minute and 5 bits for second)
    """
    assert hour in range(FATFS_MAX_HOURS)
    assert minute in range(FATFS_MAX_MINUTES)
    assert sec in range(FATFS_MAX_SECONDS)
    return int.from_bytes(TIME_ENTRY.build(
        dict(hour=hour, minute=minute, second=sec // FATFS_SECONDS_GRANULARITY)),
        byteorder='big'
    )


class FATDefaults:
    # FATFS defaults
    SIZE: int = 1024 * 1024
    RESERVED_SECTORS_COUNT: int = 1
    FAT_TABLES_COUNT: int = 2
    SECTORS_PER_CLUSTER: int = 1
    SECTOR_SIZE: int = 0x1000
    HIDDEN_SECTORS: int = 0
    ENTRY_SIZE: int = 32
    NUM_HEADS: int = 0xff
    OEM_NAME: str = 'MSDOS5.0'
    SEC_PER_TRACK: int = 0x3f
    VOLUME_LABEL: str = 'Espressif'
    FILE_SYS_TYPE: str = 'FAT'
    ROOT_ENTRIES_COUNT: int = 512  # number of entries in the root directory, recommended 512
    MEDIA_TYPE: int = 0xf8
    SIGNATURE_WORD: bytes = b'\x55\xAA'

    # wear levelling defaults
    VERSION: int = 2
    TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE: int = 32
    UPDATE_RATE: int = 16
    WR_SIZE: int = 16
    # wear leveling metadata (config sector) contains always sector size 4096
    WL_SECTOR_SIZE: int = 4096