The ESP-IDF USB Device Stack (hereinafter referred to as the Device Stack) enables USB Device support on {IDF_TARGET_NAME}. By using the Device Stack, {IDF_TARGET_NAME} can be programmed with any well defined USB device functions (e.g., keyboard, mouse, camera), a custom function (aka vendor-specific class), or a combination of those functions (aka a composite device).
The Device Stack is built around the TinyUSB stack, but extends TinyUSB with some minor features and modifications for better integration with ESP-IDF. The Device stack is distributed as a managed component via the `ESP-IDF Component Registry <https://components.espressif.com/components/espressif/esp_tinyusb>`__.
The {IDF_TARGET_NAME} routes the USB D+ and D- signals to GPIOs {IDF_TARGET_USB_DP_GPIO_NUM} and {IDF_TARGET_USB_DM_GPIO_NUM} respectively. For USB device functionality, these GPIOs should be connected to the bus in some way (e.g., via a Micro-B port, USB-C port, or directly to standard-A plug).
The Device Stack is distributed via the `ESP-IDF Component Registry <https://components.espressif.com/components/espressif/esp_tinyusb>`__. Thus, to use it, please add the Device Stack component as dependency using the following command:
The Device Stack will instantiate a USB device based on the descriptors provided in the fields described above when :cpp:func:`tinyusb_driver_install` is called.
The Device Stack also provides default descriptors that can be installed by setting the corresponding field in :cpp:func:`tinyusb_driver_install` to ``NULL``. Default descriptors include:
- Default device descriptor: Enabled by setting :cpp:member:`device_descriptor` to ``NULL``. Default device descriptor will use the values set by the corresponding menuconfig options (e.g., PID, VID, bcdDevice etc).
- Default string descriptor: Enabled by setting :cpp:member:`string_descriptor` to ``NULL``. Default string descriptors will use the value set by corresponding menuconfig options (e.g., manufacturer, product, and serial string descriptor options).
- Default configuration descriptor. Some classes that rarely require custom configuration (such as CDC and MSC) will provide default configuration descriptors. These can be enabled by setting :cpp:member:`configuration_descriptor` to ``NULL``.
To install the Device Stack, please call :cpp:func:`tinyusb_driver_install`. The Device Stack's configuration is specified in a :cpp:type:`tinyusb_config_t` structure that is passed as an argument to :cpp:func:`tinyusb_driver_install`.
The :cpp:type:`tinyusb_config_t` structure can be zero-initialized (e.g., ``const tinyusb_config_t tusb_cfg = { 0 };``) or partially (as shown below). For any member that is initialized to ``0`` or ``NULL``, the stack uses its default configuration values for that member, see example below.
USB specification mandates self-powered devices to monitor voltage levels on USB's VBUS signal. As opposed to bus-powered devices, a self-powered device can be fully functional even without a USB connection. The self-powered device detects connection and disconnection events by monitoring the VBUS voltage level. VBUS is considered valid if it rises above 4.75 V and invalid if it falls below 4.35 V.
On the {IDF_TARGET_NAME}, this will require using a GPIO to act as a voltage sensing pin to detect when VBUS goes above/below the prescribed thresholds. However, {IDF_TARGET_NAME} pins are 3.3 V tolerant. Thus, even if VBUS rises/falls above/below the thresholds mentioned above, it would still appear as a logic HIGH to the {IDF_TARGET_NAME}. Thus, in order to detect the VBUS valid condition, users can do one of the following:
- Connect VBUS to a voltage comparator chip/circuit that detects the thresholds described above (i.e., 4.35 V and 4.75 V), and outputs a 3.3 V logic level to the {IDF_TARGET_NAME} indicating whether VBUS is valid or not.
- Use a resistor voltage divider that outputs (0.75 x Vdd) if VBUS is 4.4 V (see figure below).
..note::
In either case, the voltage on the sensing pin must be logic low within 3 ms after the device is unplugged from the USB host.
To use this feature, in :cpp:type:`tinyusb_config_t`, you must set :cpp:member:`self_powered` to ``true`` and :cpp:member:`vbus_monitor_io` to GPIO number that is used for VBUS monitoring.
If the CDC option is enabled in Menuconfig, the USB Serial Device can be initialized with :cpp:func:`tusb_cdc_acm_init` according to the settings from :cpp:type:`tinyusb_config_cdcacm_t`, see example below.
To specify callbacks, you can either set the pointer to your :cpp:type:`tusb_cdcacm_callback_t` function in the configuration structure or call :cpp:func:`tinyusb_cdcacm_register_callback` after initialization.
The USB Serial Device allows the redirection of all standard input/output streams (stdin, stdout, stderr) to USB. Thus, calling standard library input/output functions such as ``printf()`` will result into the data being sent/received over USB instead of UART.
Users should call :cpp:func:`esp_tusb_init_console` to switch the standard input/output streams to USB, and :cpp:func:`esp_tusb_deinit_console` to switch them back to UART.
If the MSC ``CONFIG_TINYUSB_MSC_ENABLED`` option is enabled in Menuconfig, the ESP Chip can be used as USB MSC Device. The storage media (SPI-Flash or SD-Card) can be initialized as shown below.
