- If :ref:`CONFIG_{IDF_TARGET_CFG_PREFIX}_DEBUG_OCDAWARE` is enabled (which is the default), panic handler will detect whether a JTAG debugger is connected. If it is, execution will be halted and control will be passed to the debugger. In this case registers and backtrace are not dumped to the console, and GDBStub / Core Dump functions are not used.
- If :doc:`Core Dump <core_dump>` feature is enabled, then system state (task stacks and registers) will be dumped either to Flash or UART, for later analysis.
- If :ref:`CONFIG_ESP_PANIC_HANDLER_IRAM` is disabled (disabled by default), the panic handler code is placed in flash memory not IRAM. This means that if ESP-IDF crashes while flash cache is disabled, the panic handler will automatically re-enable flash cache before running GDB Stub or Core Dump. This adds some minor risk, if the flash cache status is also corrupted during the crash.
If this option is enabled, the panic handler code is placed in IRAM. This allows the panic handler to run without needing to re-enable cache first. This may be necessary to debug some complex issues with crashes while flash cache is disabled (for example, when writing to SPI flash).
Unless ``CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PANIC_SILENT_REBOOT`` option is enabled, panic handler prints some of the CPU registers, and the backtrace, to the console::
Register values printed are the register values in the exception frame, i.e. values at the moment when CPU exception or other fatal error has occured.
Register dump is not printed if the panic handler was executed as a result of an ``abort()`` call.
In some cases, such as interrupt watchdog timeout, panic handler may print additional CPU registers (EPC1-EPC4) and the registers/backtrace of the code running on the other CPU.
Backtrace line contains PC:SP pairs, where PC is the Program Counter and SP is Stack Pointer, for each stack frame of the current task. If a fatal error happens inside an ISR, the backtrace may include PC:SP pairs both from the task which was interrupted, and from the ISR.
If :doc:`IDF Monitor <tools/idf-monitor>` is used, Program Counter values will be converted to code locations (function name, file name, and line number), and the output will be annotated with additional lines::
To find the location where a fatal error has happened, look at the lines which follow the "Backtrace" line. Fatal error location is the top line, and subsequent lines show the call stack.
If ``CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PANIC_GDBSTUB`` option is enabled, panic handler will not reset the chip when fatal error happens. Instead, it will start GDB remote protocol server, commonly referred to as GDB Stub. When this happens, GDB instance running on the host computer can be instructed to connect to the ESP32 UART port.
If :doc:`IDF Monitor <tools/idf-monitor>` is used, GDB is started automatically when GDB Stub prompt is detected on the UART. The output would look like this::
GDB prompt can be used to inspect CPU registers, local and static variables, and arbitrary locations in memory. It is not possible to set breakpoints, change PC, or continue execution. To reset the program, exit GDB and perform external reset: Ctrl-T Ctrl-R in IDF Monitor, or using external reset button on the development board.
.. Note to editor: titles of the following section need to match exception causes printed by the panic handler. Do not change the titles (insert spaces, reword, etc.) unless panic handler messages are also changed.
.. Note to translator: When translating this section, avoid translating the following section titles. "Guru Meditation" in the title of this section should also not be translated. Keep these two notes when translating.
This section explains the meaning of different error causes, printed in parens after ``Guru Meditation Error: Core panic'ed`` message.
..note:: See `Wikipedia article <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Meditation>`_ for historical origins of "Guru Meditation".
IllegalInstruction
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This CPU exception indicates that the instruction which was executed was not a valid instruction.
Most common reasons for this error include:
- FreeRTOS task function has returned. In FreeRTOS, if task function needs to terminate, it should call :cpp:func:`vTaskDelete` function and delete itself, instead of returning.
- Failure to load next instruction from SPI flash. This usually happens if:
- Application has reconfigured SPI flash pins as some other function (GPIO, UART, etc.). Consult Hardware Design Guidelines and the Datasheet for the chip or module for details about SPI flash pins.
This CPU exception indicates that CPU could not load an instruction because the the address of the instruction did not belong to a valid region in instruction RAM or ROM.
Usually this means an attempt to call a function pointer, which does not point to valid code. ``PC`` (Program Counter) register can be used as an indicator: it will be zero or will contain garbage value (not ``0x4xxxxxxx``).
LoadProhibited, StoreProhibited
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This CPU exception happens when application attempts to read from or write to an invalid memory location. The address which was written/read is found in ``EXCVADDR`` register in the register dump. If this address is zero, it usually means that application attempted to dereference a NULL pointer. If this address is close to zero, it usually means that application attempted to access member of a structure, but the pointer to the structure was NULL. If this address is something else (garbage value, not in ``0x3fxxxxxx`` - ``0x6xxxxxxx`` range), it likely means that the pointer used to access the data was either not initialized or was corrupted.
IntegerDivideByZero
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Application has attempted to do integer division by zero.
LoadStoreAlignment
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Application has attempted to read or write memory location, and address alignment did not match load/store size. For example, 32-bit load can only be done from 4-byte aligned address, and 16-bit load can only be done from a 2-byte aligned address.
- If the application has attempted to do an 8- or 16- bit load/store from a memory region which only supports 32-bit loads/stores. For example, dereferencing a ``char*`` pointer to intruction memory (IRAM, IROM) will result in such an error.
- If the application has attempted a store to a read-only memory region, such as IROM or DROM.
This error indicates that application has written past the end of the stack of ``task_name`` task. Note that not every stack overflow is guaranteed to trigger this error. It is possible that the task writes to stack beyond the stack canary location, in which case the watchpoint will not be triggered.
Interrupt wdt timeout on CPU0 / CPU1
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Indicates that interrupt watchdog timeout has occured. See :doc:`Watchdogs <../api-reference/system/wdts>` for more information.
Cache disabled but cached memory region accessed
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In some situations ESP-IDF will temporarily disable access to external SPI Flash and SPI RAM via caches. For example, this happens with spi_flash APIs are used to read/write/erase/mmap regions of SPI Flash. In these situations, tasks are suspended, and interrupt handlers not registered with ``ESP_INTR_FLAG_IRAM`` are disabled. Make sure that any interrupt handlers registered with this flag have all the code and data in IRAM/DRAM. Refer to the :ref:`SPI flash API documentation <iram-safe-interrupt-handlers>` for more details.
{IDF_TARGET_NAME} has a built-in brownout detector, which is enabled by default. Brownout detector can trigger system reset if supply voltage goes below safe level. Brownout detector can be configured using :ref:`CONFIG_{IDF_TARGET_CFG_PREFIX}_BROWNOUT_DET` and :ref:`CONFIG_{IDF_TARGET_CFG_PREFIX}_BROWNOUT_DET_LVL_SEL` options.
When brownout detector triggers, the following message is printed::
Brownout detector was triggered
Chip is reset after the message is printed.
Note that if supply voltage is dropping at a fast rate, only part of the message may be seen on the console.
Corrupt Heap
^^^^^^^^^^^^
ESP-IDF heap implementation contains a number of run-time checks of heap structure. Additional checks ("Heap Poisoning") can be enabled in menuconfig. If one of the checks fails, message similar to the following will be printed::
CORRUPT HEAP: Bad tail at 0x3ffe270a. Expected 0xbaad5678 got 0xbaac5678
Stack smashing protection (based on GCC ``-fstack-protector*`` flags) can be enabled in ESP-IDF using :ref:`CONFIG_COMPILER_STACK_CHECK_MODE` option. If stack smashing is detected, message similar to the following will be printed::
