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esp-idf-ssd1306/BdfFontDemo/README.md
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BdfFontDemo for SSD1306

BdfFontDemo-1 BdfFontDemo-2 BdfFontDemo-3

u8g2 is a great Library for monochrome displays.
This library contains a lot of BDF format fonts.
This project is a demo that displays BDF format fonts.

How to use BDF Font

  • Download the BDF font file.
    Thank you olikraus for releasing useful software.
cd $HOME
git clone https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2
ls $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/bdf
  • Convert BDF font files to header files.
    I based it on this.
    Thank you Pixelmatix for releasing useful software.
cd esp-idf-ssd1306/BdfFontDemo
cc -o bdf2c bdf2c.c

Specify the font variable name with the -n option.

./bdf2c -n ncenR12 -b < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/bdf/ncenR12.bdf > main/ncenR12.h

./bdf2c -n timR12 -b < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/bdf/timR12.bdf > main/timR12.h

./bdf2c -n emoticons -b < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/emoticons/emoticons21.bdf > main/emoticons.h

./bdf2c -n Scroll_o_Sprites -b < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/pbm/Scroll-o-Sprites.bdf > main/Scroll-o-Sprites.h

Characters that cannot be used in C language variable names will result in an error during compilation.
This is unacceptable.

./bdf2c -n Scroll-o_Sprites -b < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/pbm/Scroll-o-Sprites.bdf > main/Scroll-o-Sprites.h
  • BDF font files can be viewed with the following command.
./bdf2c -B < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/bdf/ncenR12.bdf | more

./bdf2c -B < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/bdf/timR12.bdf | more

./bdf2c -B < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/emoticons/emoticons21.bdf | more

./bdf2c -B < $HOME/u8g2/tools/font/pbm/Scroll-o-Sprites.bdf | more
  • Add header files to main.c.
#include "ncenR12.h"
#include "timR12.h"
#include "emoticons.h"
#include "Scroll-o-Sprites.h"
  • Show BDF Font
ssd1306_clear_screen(&dev, false);
ssd1306_contrast(&dev, 0xff);
show_bdf_font_text(&dev, __ncenR12_bitmap__, "Hello World", 0, 0);

Font display position

The font's display position starts from the upper left corner of this image.
Therefore, there will be some white space above the font.

________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
______XX,X_______,________,
_____X__,_X______,________,
____X___,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
________,XX______,________,
________,X_______,________,
_______X,________,________,
______X_,__X_____,________,
_____X__,__X_____,________,
____XXXX,XXX_____,________,
____XXXX,XXX_____,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,

Font bounding box and character bounding box

BDF font file has a font bounding box (FONTBOUNDINGBOX).
This FONTBOUNDINGBOX value indicates that all fonts must have a 3-pixel margin to the left and a 6-pixel margin below the font.
By providing a FONTBOUNDINGBOX, this can omit the left edge and top and bottom whitespace from the font pattern.

FONTBOUNDINGBOX 21 26 -3 -6

Each character has a character-specific bounding box (BBX).
This BBX value indicates that there should be a 1 pixel margin to the left of this character.
By providing a character-specific bounding box (BBX), this can omit the leftmost whitespace.

STARTCHAR d
ENCODING 100
SWIDTH 574 0
DWIDTH 10 0
BBX 8 12 1 0
BITMAP
0E
06
06
06
3E
66
C6
C6
C6
C6
66
3B
ENDCHAR

Fonts that take character-specific bounding box (BBX) into consideration change as follows.
This creates a 1 pixel whitespace on the left edge.
DWIDTH will also change according to this change.

STARTCHAR d
ENCODING 100
SWIDTH 574 0
DWIDTH 11 0
BBX 9 12 0 0
BITMAP
07
03
03
03
1F
33
63
63
63
63
33
1D8
ENDCHAR

Fonts that take character-specific bounding box (BBX) and font bounding box (FONTBOUNDINGBOX) into consideration change as follows.
DWIDTH will also change according to this change.

STARTCHAR d
ENCODING 100
SWIDTH 574 0
DWIDTH 14 0
BBX 9 12 0 0
BITMAP
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00E0
0060
0060
0060
03E0
0660
0C60
0C60
0C60
0C60
0660
030B
00
00
00
00
00
00
ENDCHAR

Both the font bounding box (FONTBOUNDINGBOX) and character-specific bounding box (BBX) determine pixels position.
This creates a 4 pixel whitespace on the left edge.
This creates a 6 pixel whitespace on the buttomt edge.
This image takes into account the font bounding box (FONTBOUNDINGBOX) and character-specific bounding box (BBX).

________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,XXX_____,________,
________,_XX_____,________,
________,_XX_____,________,
________,_XX_____,________,
______XX,XXX_____,________,
_____XX_,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
____XX__,_XX_____,________,
_____XX_,_XX_____,________,
______XX,X_XX____,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,
________,________,________,

Font width pixel is 14 dots, so this is what is actually displayed.

________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,XXX___,
________,_XX___,
________,_XX___,
________,_XX___,
______XX,XXX___,
_____XX_,_XX___,
____XX__,_XX___,
____XX__,_XX___,
____XX__,_XX___,
____XX__,_XX___,
_____XX_,_XX___,
______XX,X_XX__,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,
________,______,

Changing FONTBOUNDINGBOX changes the character spacing.
FONTBOUNDINGBOX 21 26 -3 -6
A space of at least 3 pixels is generated between characters.
BdfFontDemo-1

FONTBOUNDINGBOX 21 26 -1 -6
A space of at least 1 pixels is generated between characters.
BdfFontDemo-4

Header file format

This indicates the width of the FONTBOUNDINGBOX.

// fontboundingbox_width
21,

This indicates the height of the FONTBOUNDINGBOX.

// fontboundingbox_height
26,

This shows the font information for the characters.

// 'd'
100,14,8,12,1,0,39,8,20,0x00,0xe0,0x00,0x00,---------------,0x00,0x00,0x00,
 |  |  | |  | | |  | |  |
 |  |  | |  | | |  | |  +- Font pattern
 |  |  | |  | | |  | +---- Last row in Y direction
 |  |  | |  | | |  +------ First row in Y direction
 |  |  | |  | | +--------- Number of font patterns
 |  |  | |  | +----------- BBX Y offset 
 |  |  | |  +------------- BBX X offset 
 |  |  | +---------------- BBX Y pixel
 |  |  +------------------ BBX X pixel
 |  +--------------------- Font width pixel
 +------------------------ Encoding

You can find out the width (in bytes) of this font using the following calculation:

{Number of font patterns} / ({Last row in Y direction} - {First row in Y direction} + 1)

In ths case:

39 / (20 - 8 + 1) = 3[bytes]

The font for lines 8 to 20 will be as follows:
This is a bitmap of 24*13 pixels.

0x00,0xe0,0x00,
0x00,0x60,0x00,
0x00,0x60,0x00,
0x00,0x60,0x00,
0x03,0xe0,0x00,
0x06,0x60,0x00,
0x0c,0x60,0x00,
0x0c,0x60,0x00,
0x0c,0x60,0x00,
0x0c,0x60,0x00,
0x06,0x60,0x00,
0x03,0xb0,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,

You can display this bitmap with the following function.

ssd1306_bitmaps(&dev, xpos, ypos+bdf_font.y_start, bitmap, 24, 13, false);

This marks the end of the font.

// EOF
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

BDF Font file editor

I use this.
It's work fine on Windows10.
There are probably many more.

  • Open BDF font file.
    File->Import->BDF Font.

fony

  • Save BDF font file.
    File->Export->BDF Font.