GY-63_MS5611/libraries/WaterMix

WaterMix

Arduino library for mixing water with different temperatures.

Description

Warning: Experimental

Experimental library for elementary math of mixing water with different temperatures.

The library does some indicative math of mixing a volume of water with temperature T1 with a another volume with temperature temperature T2. In fact the library will work for any single liquid (TODO: liquidMix class).

The library uses a generic volume parameter instead of gallons or liters as this way any user selected unit can be used. However you must use the chosen units consistently as you cannot use different units simultaneously.

To use different units for volume you can get some help of the volume conversion library named VolumeConverter to convert the units.

The temperature unit can also be chosen by the user and can be Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit or other. However you must use the chosen units consistently as you cannot use different units simultaneously. Check Temperature library below.

This library could be useful e.g. by doing "water math" for aquaria or cooking. Also the library is well suited for basic educational purposes.

Accuracy

The working range for temperature is not tested with real water. It is expected to work (roughly) for water with a range from 5°C to 80°C. In the (0.1.0) math it is assumed there is no expansion so the mass / volume is identical for "both volumes of waters".

Of course this is incorrect, therefore it is expected to have a difference between the theoretical values and doing the mixing in practice. However the delta's are expected to be small, less than 1% in many cases. Given the accuracy of volume measurement and temperature measurement, this delta is often acceptable.

TODO:

• investigate in the effect of the volume expansion and contraction of the water due to the temperature delta, and how to handle it.

Related

• https://github.com/RobTillaart/Temperature
• https://github.com/RobTillaart/VolumeConverter
• https://github.com/RobTillaart/weight

Interface

#include "WaterMix.h"

Constructor

• WaterMix() constructor, starts with no water of 0°
• void begin() resets to no water of 0°.
• void add(float volume, float temperature) add an amount of water with temperature to the "WaterMix".
• void sub(float volume) subtract a volume from the "WaterMix". Temperature won't change.
• void div(float nr) divide the amount of liquid, same temperature.
• void mul(float nr) multiply the amount of liquid, same temperature.
• float volume() get the current volume.
• float temperature() get the current temperature.

Volumetric Coefficient of Expansion

The VCE is not supported in the library.

It is useful as background information as the theoretical volumes calculated in this library will differ from reality due to the VCE effect. This difference depends on the liquid used and the delta temperature.

Water

The VCE of water depends on the temperature, doing the math needs to be investigated.

Source: - https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html

Temp °C	density	% wrt 4°C	V.C.E (*10-4)	Notes
0.1	0,9998495	0,0125	-0.68	note negative value
1	0,9999017	0,0073	-0.50	note negative value
4	0,9999749	0,0000	0.003
10	0,9997000	0,0275	0.88
15	0,9991026	0,0873	1.51
20	0,9982067	0,1771	2.07
25	0,9970470	0,2937	2.57
30	0,9956488	0,4345	3.03
35	0,9940326	0,5978	3.45
40	0,9922152	0,7821	3.84
45	0,9902100	0,9861	4.20
50	0,9880400	1,2079	4.54
55	0,9856900	1,4492	4.86
60	0,9832000	1,7062	5.16
65	0,9805500	1,9810	5.44
70	0,9777600	2,2720	5.71
75	0,9748400	2,5784	5.97
80	0,9717900	2,9003	6.21
85	0,9686100	3,2381	6.44
90	0,9653100	3,5911	6.66
95	0,9618900	3,9594	6.87
100	0,9583500	4,3434	7.03

Other liquids

Unknown if these liquids are expanding linear or not.

Source: - https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/cubical-expansion-coefficients-d_1262.html (extended table)

Liquid	V.C.E. per °C	V.C.E. per °F
Acetone	0.00143	0.00794
Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol)	0.00109	0.000606
Alcohol, methyl (methanol,CH3OH)	0.00149	0.000828
Calcium Chloride, 5.8%	0.00025	0.00014
Engine oil	0.0007	0.00039
Ethylene glycol	0.00057	0.000312
Gasoline	0.00095	0.000528
Glycerine (glycerol)	0.00050	0.000278
Oil (unused engine oil)	0.00070	0.000389
Olive oil	0.00070	0.000389
Paraffin oil	0.000764	0.000424
Petroleum	0.0010	0.00056
Potassium chloride, 24.3%	0.00035	0.000194
Sodium	0.00027	0.00015
Sodium chloride, 20.6%	0.00041	0.000228

Future

Must

• update documentation

Should

• create base class LiquidMix and derive a specific WaterMix from it.
  • code is quite identical
  • WaterMix can include specific heat, VCE etc.
• include expansion of water VCE effect due to heat.
  • 4°C is smallest for water.
  • must use defined liquid and temp scale.
  • or add an expansion function?
  • needs investigation

Could

• performance measurements
• cool(time) == depends on many factors
  • need to configure curve constant (only option).
  • must use defined liquid and temp scale.
• energy functions to calculate how hot an amount of water should be to reach a certain temperature.
  • Think Aquaria or cooking.
• add "unit string" + Printable interface?
  • -idem Temp scale?
• extend unit tests
• rename to LiquidMix class
  • WaterMixCelsius as derived class?
  • WaterMixFahrenheit as derived class? etc.
• catch temperature below zero?
  • must use defined liquid and temp scale.
• library can be used for water and salinity too
  • other linear related things.
• void AddEnergy(float joule) to raise temperature (joule)
  • must use defined liquid and temp scale.
  • specific heat needed.

Wont

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