FastMap

Fast mapping and constraining

Description

FastMap is an object that precalculates (internal) floats to make a mapping function especially for floats. The Fastmap also provides a back() function to reverse the mapping. This only works well with floats, so use with care.

An important difference with the traditional map() function is that both init() and map() accepts floats as parameters, allowing mapping that would be hard to achieve with the normal map() function.

Performance notes

(based upon tests https://github.com/RobTillaart/FastMap/issues/4 )

On AVR (UNO and MEGA) no gain is made mapping integers with fastMap, 130% slower = substantial
On AVR the gain for float is limited, 10% faster
On ESP32 the gain for integers and float is both in the order of 25%

To see the actual gain in your project on your hardware you should test and compare.

FastMap is faster when mapping floats as it uses less float operations than the standard map formula does. The perfomance results from precalculating values in the init() function so actual mapping needs only one multiply and add, where the standard map() function uses four adds, a multiplication and a division. The precalculation in init() should be taken in account and if every map() call needs an init() there will be no gain, on contrary.

The implementation uses floats (typical 32 bits) which might result in more memory usage and loss of precision for mapping of larger values, especially 32 and 64 bit integers. This is caused by the limits of the mantissa (~23 bits) of the standard 4 byte float.

Interface

void init(in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max); defines the linear mapping parameters.
The init() function calculates all needed values for the map(), the back() call and the constrainXX() functions. The init() function can be called again with new values when needed to do other mapping, although it will give less overhead if you create an fastMap object per conversion needed. Note: init() does not check for a divide by zero (out_max == out_min) or (in_max == in_min)
float map(float value) maps the parameter.
float back(float value) does the inverse mapping

Constrains

FastMap supports three versions of constraining the map function, based upon the parameters of init()

float constrainedMap(float value); returns a value between outMin .. outMax
float lowerConstrainedMap(float value); returns a value between outMin .. inf (No upper limit)
float upperConstrainedMap(float value); returns a value between -inf .. outMax

To change the constrain values call init() with new limits, or call constrain()

Note there are NO constrain-versions for back(value) function.

FastMapDouble

Version 3.0 adds fastMapDouble which has the same interface. This class is meant to support 8 bytes doubles in their native accuracy and precision. To display doubles one might need the sci() function of my printHelpers class. https://github.com/RobTillaart/printHelpers

Usage

See examples.

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